Towards the Point of Care and Noninvasive Classification of Bladder Cancer from Urine Sediment Infrared Spectroscopy. Spectral differentiation of normal, abnormal and cancer patients

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 9th cancer cause of death and one of most cost-intensive in the world. The diagnostic tools are still not at all satisfactory. Herein we evaluated the potential of infrared spectroscopy to detect molecular changes that precede and accompany the carcinogenesis in voided urine sediment. We collected 165 samples from patients being diagnosed for BC and measured them with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). Samples were primarily divided into three groups according to cytology that indicated the presence of normal, abnormal and cancer cells. ATR FTIR spectra of sediments were analyzed with the use of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The 1800–750 cm− 1 region discriminated the three groups with selectivity and sensitivity values around 68% using cytology as a reference method. These cross-validation values (which were found significant according to a permutation test) were comparable to the sensitivity and specificity values of cytology versus the gold standard (histology). The average spectra of each class and the regression vectors of the PLS-DA indicated that an increased content of carbohydrates and nucleic acids as well as transformations of protein secondary structures were the main discriminators of healthy patients from abnormal and cancer groups. Additionally, we revised the obtained classification according to diagnosis made on histopathological assessment of bladder sections. We finally discuss the potential of the technique to be used as a Point of Care (PoC) testing tool

Towards the Point of Care and noninvasive classification of bladder cancer from urine sediment infrared spectroscopy : spectral differentiation of normal, abnormal and cancer patients

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 9th cancer cause of death and one of most cost-intensive in the world. The diagnostic tools are still not at all satisfactory. Herein we evaluated the potential of infrared spectroscopy to detect molecular changes that precede and accompany the carcinogenesis in voided urine sediment. We collected 165 samples from patients being diagnosed for BC and measured them with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). Samples were primarily divided into three groups according to cytology that indicated the presence of normal, abnormal and cancer cells. ATR FTIR spectra of sediments were analyzed with the use of partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The 1800–750 cm− 1 region discriminated the three groups with selectivity and sensitivity values around 68% using cytology as a reference method. These cross-validation values (which were found significant according to a permutation test) were comparable to the sensitivity and specificity values of cytology versus the gold standard (histology). The average spectra of each class and the regression vectors of the PLS-DA indicated that an increased content of carbohydrates and nucleic acids as well as transformations of protein secondary structures were the main discriminators of healthy patients from abnormal and cancer groups. Additionally, we revised the obtained classification according to diagnosis made on histopathological assessment of bladder sections. We finally discuss the potential of the technique to be used as a Point of Care (PoC) testing tool

Association between cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular drug therapy, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with COVID-19: data from a large single-center registry in Poland

Background: The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) recently became one of the leading causes of death worldwide, similar to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coexisting CVD may influence the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.Aims: We analyzed the impact of CVD and the use of cardiovascular drugs on the in-hospital course and mortality of patients with COVID-19.Methods: We retrospectively studied data for consecutive patients admitted to our hospital, with COVID-19 between March 6th and October 15th, 2020.Results: 1729 patients (median interquartile range age 63 [50–75] years; women 48.8%) were included. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 12.9%. The most prevalent CVD was arterial hypertension (56.1%), followed by hyperlipidemia (27.4%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (25.7%), coronary artery disease (16.8%), heart failure (HF) (10.3%), atrial fibrillation (13.5%), and stroke (8%). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) were used in 25.0% of patients, β-blockers in 40.7%, statins in 15.6%, and antiplatelet therapy in 19.9%. Age over 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 6.4; 95% CI, 4.3–9.6), male sex (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0), pre-existing DM (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.1), and HF (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5–3.5) were independent predictors of in-hospital death, whereas treatment with ACEIs/ARBs (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.6), β-blockers (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9), statins (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8), or antiplatelet therapy (OR, 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) was associated with lower risk of death.Conclusions: Among cardiovascular risk factors and diseases, HF and DM appeared to increase in-hospital COVID-19 mortality, whereas the use of cardiovascular drugs was associated with lower mortality