Application of the war of attrition game to the analysis of intellectual property disputes

In many developing countries intellectual property infringement and the commerce of pirate goods is an entrepreneurial activity. Digital piracy is very often the only media for having access to music, cinema, books and software. At the same time, bio-prospecting and infringement of indigenous knowledge rights by international consortiums is usual in places with high biodiversity. In these arenas transnational actors interact with local communities. Accusations of piracy often go both ways. This article analyzes the case of southeast Mexico. Using a war of attrition game theory model it explains different situations of intellectual property rights piracy and protection. It analyzes different levels of interaction and institutional settings from the global to the very local. The article proposes free IP zones as a solution of IP disputes. The formation of technological local clusters through Free Intellectual Property Zones (FIPZ) would allow firms to copy and share de facto public domain content for developing new products inside the FIPZ. Enforcement of intellectual property could be pursuit outside of the FIPZ. FIPZ are envisioned as a new type of a sui generis intellectual property regime

Spin effects in strong-field laser-electron interactions

The electron spin degree of freedom can play a significant role in relativistic scattering processes involving intense laser fields. In this contribution we discuss the influence of the electron spin on (i) Kapitza-Dirac scattering in an x-ray laser field of high intensity, (ii) photo-induced electron-positron pair production in a strong laser wave and (iii) multiphoton electron-positron pair production on an atomic nucleus. We show that in all cases under consideration the electron spin can have a characteristic impact on the process properties and their total probabilities. To this end, spin-resolved calculations based on the Dirac equation in the presence of an intense laser field are performed. The predictions from Dirac theory are also compared with the corresponding results from the Klein-Gordon equation.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

PEDAGOGÍA DE LA FRATERNIDAD EN SITUACIONES DE RIESGO, FORMACIÓN INTEGRAL PARA LA VIDA. (PEDAGOGY OF FRATERNITY IN SITUATIONS OF RISK, ALL ROUND FORMATION FOR LIFE)

El presente artículo pretende aportar en la fundamentación de la pedagogía de la Fraternidad en Situaciones de Riesgo, como una nueva visión de la pedagogía en la que están presentes muchos elementos de otras teorías pero que se asumen desde una perspectiva diferente, cuya meta es: primero, permitir que los procesos educativos lleven a generar una sociedad más justa y fraterna en la que se genere un espacio de amistad, confianza y estima recíproca; segundo, que el conocimiento aumente siempre por el deseo de dar respuestas a las problemáticas de la sociedad y tercero generar un espacio en el que se sienta la familia.AbstractThis article aims to contribute to the foundation of the pedagogy of fraternity in situations of risk, as a new vision of the pedagogy in which many elements of other theories are present, but which are taken from a different perspective, whose goal is to allow educational processes that make a fairer and more fraternal society possible, by generating friendship, trust, and reciprocal esteem, in the first place, that knowledge is always increased as a manner to solve the answers to the issues of society, in the second place, and in the third place, it can generate a space in which the family can be felt

The Environment of HII Galaxies revisited

We present a study of the close (< 200 kpc) environment of 110 relatively local (z< 0.16) HII galaxies, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS; DR7). We use available spectroscopic and photometric redshifts in order to investigate the presence of a close and possibly interacting companion galaxy. Our aim is to compare the physical properties of isolated and interacting HII galaxies and investigate possible systematic effects in their use as cosmological probes. We find that interacting HII galaxies tend to be more compact, less luminous and have a lower velocity dispersion than isolated ones, in agreement with previous studies on smaller samples. However, as we verified, these environmental differences do not affect the cosmologically important L_{H{\beta}}-{\sigma} correlation of the HII galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in A&