Explaining accommodation and resistance to demands for independence referendums in the UK and Spain

We would like to thank the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions, which contributed to improving the article. We are also very grateful to Professor Michael Keating, Professor David McCrone, Dr Wilfried Swenden and Dr Ivan Serrano for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Breaking‐up within Europe:Sub‐state Nationalist Strategies in Multilevel Polities

This article examines sub‐state nationalist strategies in relation to European integration in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Flanders and Scotland. First, we discuss the impact of European and economic integration on sovereignty and the cost of independence for small nations. Second, we compare the support for the European project in our four territories. We stress that European integration is a divisive issue in British politics but fundamentally consensual in the other cases. Third, we examine the European strategies of sub‐state nationalist parties. We distinguish between two broad strategies, one maximizing regional influence in the EU and the other promoting independence within the EU. Regarding the latter, we focus on the cases of Scotland and Catalonia, where sub‐state nationalist parties currently seek independence

'Explaining the differing government responses to self-determination demands in Spain and the UK'

Non peer reviewe

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus Ticks can Complete their Life Cycle on the Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is considered one of the most important ectoparasites of cattle worldwide. Due to the increase in the number of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in R. microplus-infested areas, this study was designed to determine whether these ruminants are able to sustain the complete tick life cycle. To this aim, a seven-month old water buffalo of the Mediterranean breed and a Holstein bovine of the same age, both tick-naïve, were infested with R. microplus tick larvae, and the parasitic and non-parasitic tick stages were analyzed and compared. The studied parameters include the number of recovered engorged females, the time points at which the first and last engorged females fell to the ground; the pre-oviposition duration, the percentage of hatching and the reproductive efficiency index. No statistically significant differences were found between the buffalo and the bovine in all parameters measured. It was concluded that the water buffalo can act as a suitable reservoir for R. microplus ticks. These results should be taken into account when implementing tick control and eradication campaigns in water buffalo grazing lands

The Independence Case in Comparative Perspective

Scotland is not the only sub‐state unit in Europe where relevant political actors make claims for independence. To generate insights on these independence demands, we compare the drivers, arguments and popular support for secession in Scotland, the Basque Country, Catalonia and Flanders. We argue that national identity, party politics and the economy are behind the independence requests, and the exact articulation of these elements varies from case to case. Currently, the most salient of these demands are the ones from Catalonia; Basque demands for self‐determination are less prominent than in the past, whereas the demand for a vote on independence is much less articulated in Flanders. Although the Scottish independence referendum has set a precedent for solving independence disputes, we argue that the possibilities of exporting the Scottish referendum experience to other realities are limited

The 2017 Catalan independence referendum:A symposium

This article summarises contributions to an ASEN-Edinburgh (Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Edinburgh Branch) symposium held the day after the 2017 Catalan referendum on independence. Daniel Cetrà describes a referendum disputed between legal and democratic legitimacy and grounded on competing visions of nationhood. Elisenda Casanas-Adam argues that there are alternative interpretations of the Spanish constitution which could accommodate Catalan request and highlights the questionable legality of the Spanish authorities’ forceful response. Mariola Tàrrega argues that the Catalan referendum reveals a worrying context where news media become political advocates of opposing worldviews and politicians attribute to news media an overstated capacity to shape nation-building projects.</jats:p

Integrating technologies for the sustainable control of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep : The Argentinean case

Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep are a major concern among breeders due to the economic losses they cause in terms of a reduction in both productivity and viability of animals. The situation worsens in face of the emergence of anthelmintic-resistant parasites. In this context, breeding and management practices aimed at an integrated control of parasites, such as raising parasiteresistant sheep, are required. This study focused on the genetic variation underlying parasite resistance in sheep, for potential use in breeding programmes. An artificial challenge with infectious H. contortus L3 was carried out in the northeast region of Argentina for more than 10 years in 1 072 Corriedale lambs with an average age of 5.6 months. Body weight, faecal egg count, packed cell volume, and FAMACHA© score were recorded at different time points post-challenge and their heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated. Animals were genotyped on 173 single nucleotide polymorphisms belonging to 77 candidate genes for immune response. The results indicate that there is sufficient genetic variability for the four traits studied, which presented moderate heritabilities (in the range 0.29 to 0.44) and increased along the challenge period, with the exception of the hematocrit, which decreased. Association analyses identified seven markers associated with estimated breeding values for faecal egg count, located in genes involved in different stages of the pathogen-host interaction process. The information obtained supports the potential of markerassisted breeding schemes to enable profitable and sustainable sheep production.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Poli, Mario Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Poli, Mario Andres. Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Caffaro, Marí­a Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Cetra, Bibiana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Raschia, Maria Agustina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Medus, Pablo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Maizon, Daniel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Podesta, Mario. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency. Animal Production and Health Laboratory; AustriaFil: Donzelli, María Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Bonelli, Rita. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Periasamy, Kathiravan. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency. Animal Production and Health Laboratory; Austri

Estudio de variables biológicas ante un desafío artificial de L3 de H. contortus en dos majadas de ovinos Corriedale

PosterH. contortus es uno de los parásitos que ocasiona mayores problemas en regiones templadas, tropicales y subtropicales debido a pérdidas productivas y económicas. La utilización de drogas es fundamental para el control de la parasitosis gastrointestinales (PGI) pero su uso excesivo puede acelerar la aparición de la resistencia del parásito. El uso de reproductores resistentes a las PGI contribuiría a la sustentabilidad de los sistemas productivos ovinos. Objetivo evaluar variables biológicas indicadores de resistencia/susceptibilidad a las PGI que surgen de un desafío artificial con L 3 de H contortus.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Donzelli, María Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Donzelli, María Valeria. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Maizon, Daniel Omar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Maizon, Daniel Omar. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Cetra, Bibiana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mercedes; ArgentinaFil: Medus, Pablo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Bonelli, Rita. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Raschia, Maria Agustina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Raschia, Maria Agustina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Caffaro, María Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Poli, Mario Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Poli, Mario Andres. Universidad del Salvador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinaria; Argentin