Potential of Radiolabeled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI Diagnostic Procedures in Gliomas/Glioblastomas.

Radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA-based PET/CT or PET/MRI is a whole-body imaging technique currently performed for the detection of prostate cancer lesions. PSMA has been also demonstrated to be expressed by the neovasculature of many other solid tumors. The aim of this review is to evaluate the possible diagnostic role of radiolabeled PSMA PET/CT or PET/MRI in patients with gliomas and glioblastomas, by summarizing the available literature data. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library databases was conducted to find relevant published articles about the diagnostic performance of radiolabeled PSMA binding agents in PET/CT or PET/MRI imaging of patients with suspected gliomas or glioblastomas. Seven case reports or case series and 3 studies enrolling more than 10 patients showed that gliomas and glioblastoma are PSMA-avid tumors. Radiolabeled PSMA imaging seems to be useful in analyzing glioma/glioblastoma. Further studies enrolling a wider population are needed to clarify the real clinical and diagnostic role of radiolabeled PSMA in this setting and its possible position in the diagnostic flow-chart

¹⁸F-FDG PET or PET/CT in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

The aim of this systematic review was to examine published data about the potential role of Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET or PET/CT) in patients affected by mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A comprehensive computer literature search of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted, including articles indexed up to November, 2019; 25 studies or subsets in studies analyzing the value of <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET or PET/CT in patients with MCL were eligible for inclusion. From the analyses of the selected studies, the following main findings are described: (1) MCL are <sup>18</sup> F-FDG-avid in most of cases, especially nodal lesions, but bone marrow and gastrointestinal disease localizations have low <sup>18</sup> F-FDG avidity; (2) <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET/CT seems to be helpful in staging setting, showing a better diagnostic performance than conventional imaging and a positive impact on clinical stage; (3) <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET/CT is useful in evaluating treatment response, especially after chemotherapy and transplantation; and (4) metabolic response after therapy seems to have a prognostic role. Despite several limitations affecting this analysis, especially related to the heterogeneity of the studies included, MCL is an <sup>18</sup> F-FDG-avid lymphoma in most of the cases, with the exception of bone marrow and gastrointestinal disease. Moreover, <sup>18</sup> F-FDG PET/CT seems to be useful in evaluating treatment response and prognosis

Long-term treatment of acromegaly with Lanreotide: evidence of increased serum parathormone concentration.

The somatostatin analogue lanreotide is effective in reducing growth hormone levels in patients with acromegaly. Acromegaly is characterized by calcium homeostasis alterations. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of lanreotide on bone turnover markers in a group of acromegalic patients and to verify a possible increase of intact parathormone (iPTH) levels in a transient or persistent way. Serum GH, IGF-I and serum and urinary markers of bone metabolism were measured before treatment and on months 3 and 24. In short-term treatment (3 months), lanreotide significantly decreased GH, IGF-I, serum calcium, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels, but increased iPTH level (49 +/- 16.7 vs pre-treatment 28.3 +/- 7.6 ng/L, p<0.001). During long-term study (24 months) GH and IGF-I were significantly still low; serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels returned to pre-treatment levels. iPTH level was significantly still higher compared with pre-treatment (46.4 +/- 9.2 vs 28.3 +/- 7.6 ng/L, p<0.05). No changes were seen in serum albumin, creatinine and vitamin D during short and long term treatment. The changes of most bone markers during lanreotide treatment can be explained by the decrease of GH and IGF-I. The increase of iPTH concentration suggests that lanreotide has ulterior and long-standing actions on calcium homeostasis: intestinal malabsorption of calcium due to the lanreotide could contribute to this "secondary" hyperparathyroidism. The clinical relevance of these long-standing effects needs to be further investigated