Predictive value of dorso-lateral prefrontal connectivity for rTMS response in treatment-resistant depression: A brain perfusion SPECT study

Background: Previous clinical trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has a significant antidepressant effect in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). However, results remain heterogeneous with many patients without effective response. / Objective: The aim of this SPECT study was to determine before treatment the predictive value of the connectivity of the stimulated area on further rTMS response in patients with TRD. / Methods: Fifty-eight TRD patients performed a brain perfusion SPECT before high frequency rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A voxel based-analysis was achieved to compare connectivity of the left DLPFC in responders and non-responders using inter-regional correlations (p < 0.005, corrected for cluster volume). A multiple logistic regression model was thereafter used with the goal of establishing a predictive score. / Results: Before rTMS, responders exhibited increased SPECT connectivity between the left DLPFC and the right cerebellum in comparison to non-responders, independently of age, gender, severity of depression, and severity of treatment resistance. The area under the curve for the combination of these two SPECT clusters to predict rTMS response was 0.756 (p < 0.005). / Conclusions: SPECT connectivity of the left DLPFC predicts rTMS response before treatment

Motor Agency: A New and Highly Sensitive Measure to Reveal Agency Disturbances in Early Psychosis

Background: Early diagnosis of young adults at risk of schizophrenia is essential for preventive approaches of the illness. Nevertheless, classic screening instruments are difficult to use because of the non-specific nature of the signs at this preonset phase of illness. The objective of the present contribution was to propose an innovating test that can probe the more specific symptom of psychosis, i.e., the sense of agency, which is defined as being the immediate experience of oneself as the cause of an action. More specifically, we tested whether motor agency is abnormal in early psychosis. Methods: Thirty-two young symptomatic patients and their age-matched controls participated in the study. 15 of these patients were at ultra high-risk for developing psychosis (UHR), and 17 patients were suffering from first-episode psychosis (FEP). Patients ’ neurocognitive capacities were assessed through the use of seven neuropsychological tests. A motor agency task was also introduced to obtain an objective indicator of the degree of sense of agency, by contrasting force levels applied during other and self-produced collisions between a hand-held objet and a pendulum. Results: As reported in the literature for adult controls, healthy adolescents used more efficient force levels in self than in other-imposed collisions. For both UHR and FEP patients, abnormally high levels of grip force were used for self-produced collisions, leading to an absence of difference between self and other. The normalized results revealed that motor agency differentiated patients from controls with a higher level of sensitivity than the more classic neuropsychological test battery

Affective disorders: endocrine and metabolic comorbidities

International audienceno abstrac

Neurophysiological endophenotypes and schizophrenic disorder: emergence and evolution of a clinical concept

International audienceno abstrac

Do psychopathic patients use their DLPFC when making decisions in moral dilemmas?

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Neurophénoménologie du signe linguistique. Apport du modèle Phénoménologique, Structuraliste et Morphodynamique (PMS) à la compréhension des mécanismes neuraux sous-tendant la donation de sens

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Neurophénoménologie du signe linguistique. Apport du modèle Phénoménologique, Structuraliste et Morphodynamique (PMS) à la compréhension des mécanismes neuraux sous-tendant la donation de sens

International audienc

Schizophrenic and bipolar endophenotypes: the clinician's point of view

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``All that glitters is not ... alone''. Congruity effects in highly and less predictable sentence contexts

International audienceno abstrac

Neurophénoménologie du signe linguistique. Apport du modèle Phénoménologique, Structuraliste et Morphodynamique (PMS) à la compréhension des mécanismes neuraux sous-tendant la donation de sens

International audienc