Immunohistochemical detection of S100 in the kidney of the Philippine swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis Castillo, 1998) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

The presence of S100 protein in the kidney of Philippine swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis) was detected using immunohistochemistry. The Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase complex method was carried out with a polyclonal antibody against S100 protein. S100 immunoreactivity was present in the thin loop of Henle, collecting ducts and tubules. Positive immunoreaction was also detected in erythrocytes and endothelial lining cells of arcuate artery and vein, interlobular artery and vein, venules, glomerular and peritubular capillaries. This is the first report of the detection and distribution of S100 protein in the swamp buffalo kidney. This study confirms that S100 can be found extraneurally and can be a useful marker for anatomic pathology

Different virulence of porcine and porcine-like bovine rotavirus strains with genetically nearly identical genomes in piglets and calves

Direct interspecies transmissions of group A rotaviruses (RVA) have been reported under natural conditions. However, the pathogenicity of RVA has never been directly compared in homologous and heterologous hosts. The bovine RVA/Cow-tc/KOR/K5/2004/G5P[7] strain, which was shown to possess a typical porcine-like genotype constellation similar to that of the G5P[7] prototype RVA/Pig-tc/USA/OSU/1977/G5P9[7] strain, was examined for its pathogenicity and compared with the porcine G5P[7] RVA/Pig-tc/KOR/K71/2006/G5P[7] strain possessing the same genotype constellation. The bovine K5 strain induced diarrhea and histopathological changes in the small intestine of piglets and calves, whereas the porcine K71 strain caused diarrhea and histopathological changes in the small intestine of piglets, but not in calves. Furthermore, the bovine K5 strain showed extra-intestinal tropisms in both piglets and calves, whereas the porcine K71 strain had extra-intestinal tropisms in piglets, but not in calves. Therefore, we performed comparative genomic analysis of the K71 and K5 RVA strains to determine whether specific mutations could be associated with these distinct clinical and pathological phenotypes. Full-length sequencing analyses for the 11 genomic segments for K71 and K5 revealed that these strains were genetically nearly identical to each other. Two nucleotide mutations were found in the 5[prime] untranslated region (UTR) of NSP5 and the 3[prime] UTR of NSP3, and eight amino acid mutations in VP1-VP4 and NSP2. Some of these mutations may be critical molecular determinants for RVA virulence and/or pathogenicity.status: publishe