The Fairy Godmother is in Love with the Princess: Lesbian Desire in the Rewritten Fairy Tales of Emma Donoghue

Fairy tales once belonged to oral literature and later became part of the literary tradition, and the formal and thematic qualities have gone through various changes in time. By means of the changes it has gone through, the genre, which bears a great impact on cultural transmission, has always developed to adapt to its time. Especially, the classical European fairy tale is one of the major genres which reects the cultural, social and gender characteristics of the nations. Because of the prevalent patriarchal discourse, female characters, although they are generally the protagonists, female characters are represented as secondary to the male characters and they are exposed to the sexist attitude of both male writers and fairy tale heroes. Having seen the discriminatory aspects of the fairy tale genre, twentieth century women writers took interest in the traditional tales in order to subvert the sexist ideology. Giving specic importance to the issues of lesbian desire, liberation and voice of women, Emma Donoghue, a twentieth-century Irish woman writer, in her Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins (1997) rewrites various classical fairy tales. Specically in “The Tale of the Hair” and “The Tale of the Shoe” as the rewritten versions of “Rapunzel” and “Cinderella,” respectively she attempts to subvert the patriarchal ideology and to promote the female agency through parody in various aspects. By altering the entrenched elements of the fairy tales genre, she not only reads but also writes against the grain and by postmodern parody she sheds light upon the unquestioned issues with the aim of unearthing and restoring the hidden discriminative and sexist attitude. In doing this, Donoghue reimagines an alternative 'happily ever after' which offers a peaceful and egalitarian nal state for the female characters

Disenchanting Patriarchal Fairy Tales through Parody in Angela Carter’s the Bloody Chamber and Other Stories and Emma Donoghue’s Kissing the Witch: Old Tales in New Skins

It has been believed that the beginning of the fairy tales is as old as mankind. Due to the fact that they previously belonged to oral literature and later became part of the literary tradition, the formal and thematic qualities have gone through various changes in time. With their development and transformation, fairy tales are accepted as the integral part of the literary history of the world. Especially, classical European fairy tales are one of the major genres which reflect the cultural, social and gender characteristics of the nations. At the turn of the transition from oral to literary tradition, oral fairy tales, which are associated with women and their works, were transcribed by male writers and compilers. Therefore, since they were transcribed by the male scribes, the tales were under the influence of patriarchal ideology and discourse.Peri masallarının başlangıcının insanlığın başlangıcıyla aynı zamana rastladığına inanılmaktadır. Bu masallar sözlü edebiyata dâhil oldukları için zaman içerisinde türlü değişikliklere uğramışlardır. Gelişimleri ve değişimleriyle beraber, peri masalları hâlâ dünya edebiyat tarihinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak kabul edilir. Özellikle klasik Avrupa peri masalları ulusların kültürel, sosyal ve toplumsal cinsiyet özelliklerini yansıtan başlıca edebi türlerden biridir. Sözlü edebiyattan yazılı edebiyata geçişte, kadına özgü işlerle bağdaştırılan sözlü peri masalları, erkek yazarlar ve koleksiyoncular tarafından yazıya geçirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, yazıya geçiriliş aşamasında eril söylem ve ataerkil ideolojiden etkilenmişlerdir. Kadın karakterlerin genelde masalların başkahramanları olmasına rağmen, yazılı versiyonlarında ses, cinsellik ve özgür irade konularında önemleri azımsanmıştır

The Doomed Struggle of Tony Last with the Society and the Individual in Evelyn Waugh’s A Handful of Dust

A Handful of Dust (1934), the fourth novel of Evelyn Waugh, deals with the struggles of the protagonist Tony Last in various stages of the twentieth century society. Waugh in this novel illustrates a dark picture of the twentieth century English society and its individuals with the aim of laying bare the “human selfishness and self-delusion” (Ward, 2008, p.679). In general sense, the author directs his criticism towards the various aspects of English social life indicating the pervading decadence in the soul of the individual and modern zeitgeist. Focusing on Tony Last’ marriage, social relationships and expedition to Brazil, Waugh delineates the portrait of an innocent man who values the past and its traditions. Yet, in order to survive in the society Tony embarks on a quest for self-identity but fails in each attempt. Coinciding with the time of the author’s own personal tragedies, the novel also revolves around some certain autobiographical parallelism that Waugh suffered from. As a means of critique of the society and its members, he juxtaposes himself with his character Tony Last to demonstrate their struggle. So as to illustrate Tony’s futile attempts in his struggle, Waugh writes two different endings for the novel, both of which end in utter failures. Therefore, by virtue of individual failures and socio-cultural corruption, the novel is concerned with the struggle of Tony Last who is surrounded by those individual, cultural and social adversities. In this study, the modernist theme of the quest of the individual will be analysed through Tony Last’s quest in social and personal spheres by also demonstrating Waugh’s critique of the modern times

Happiness Optimism Anti-Utopia Loneliness Paradise UTOPIAS Civilisation Anger DYSTOPIAS Horror Dream Ideal Safety Order Peace Urban Pollution Decay Bleak Stability Hope Destruction Unsettling

I would like to extend my gratitude to the President of Hacettepe University Prof. Dr. A. Haluk ÖZEN and his team for their kind support towards the realisation of the second of the graduate conferences, “Innovative Representations of ‘Utopias’ in Studies in English,” organised by the Centre for British Literary and Cultural Studies and held on 15-16 March 2016, and the publication of this book. I also convey my heartfelt thanks to the speakers at the conference for sharing with us their noteworthy research honouring the 500th anniversary of the publication of Thomas More’s Utopia. Furthermore, I owe special thanks to the members of the administrative board of the Centre for British Literary and Cultural Studies for their unequivocal support towards the publication of selected papers presented at the conference. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Burçin EROL, the Head of the Department of English Language and Literature, for her invaluable support. I am also truly grateful to the referees, Prof. Dr. Burçin EROL, Prof. Dr. Huriye REİS, Prof. Dr. Aytül ÖZÜM, Prof. Dr. Hande SEBER, Assist. Prof. Dr. Sinan AKILLI, Dr. Pınar TAŞDELEN, Dr. Jason M. WARD and Dr. Aslı DEĞİRMENCİ for their meticulous efforts in reviewing the papers. I also express my gratitude to Res. Assist. Şafak HORZUM and Res. Assist. Zümre Gizem YILMAZ for their assistance towards the organisation of the conference and the publication of this book. I am also thankful to Res. Assist. Özden DERE, Res. Assist. Merve DİKİCİLER, Res. Assist. Selim ERDEM, Res. Assist. Ulaş ÖZGÜN and Res. Assist. Kübra VURAL who have helped with the proof reading. Moreover, I am thankful to the personnel at Hacettepe Basımevi for their diligent wor

İngiliz Edebiyatında Toplumsal Cinsiyet

Bu kitabın oluşmasında özveriyle ve titizlikle çalışan katılımcı genç akademisyen arkadaşlara, baskıya hazırlayan Hacettepe Üniversitesi Basımevine ve kitabın yayımlanmasına izin ve destek veren Hacettepe Üniversitesi Rektörlüğüne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız