On The Expected Values of Distribution of the Sample Range of Order Statistics from the Geometric Distribution

The expected values of the distribution of the sample range of order statistics from the geometric distribution are presented. For n up to 10, algebraic expressions for the expected values are obtained. Using the algebraic expressions, expected values based on the p and n values can be easily computed

Estimation of total prostate specific antigen values through artificial intelligence modelling

It has been indicated that total prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, one of the serum markers used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, has been clinically beneficial. In this research, it was aimed to estimate the total PSA values by Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) model. Data on total PSA values in this study (n = 1422) were randomly selected using the structured query language (SQL) from the database of patients records of Urology Department of Medical School at Inonu University. Total PSA values as a target/dependent variable, and age (year), blood group (A/B/0/AB), Exitus (EX) status (alive/death), Lymphocyte (LY) (%), Hemoglobin (HGB) (g / dL), Neutrophil (NE) (%), Albumin (g / dL), Calcium (mg / dL), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Leukocyte count (WBC) (103 / ml), Platelet (PLT) (103/ ml) as predictor variables were evaluated in the analyses. Outlier/extreme observations were analysed, and quantitative variables were rescaled by the transformation of Z-score or Box-Cox, and the MLP ANN model was constructed to estimate the total PSA values after variable selection method was used. Estimation performance of the model was examined by the values of mean absolute error, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. The MLP ANN model was created using a total of 1422 data sets as 993 of which were in training and 429 in the testing. Values of the mean absolute error, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient were calculated for training data set as; 0.744, 0.895 and 0.452; for the test data set as; 0.773, 0.935 and 0.355. The estimated accuracy of the generated model is predicted as 20.3%. In the MLP ANN model, the importance levels of the variables were obtained as 0.33 for HGB, 0.22 for NE, 0.16 for Calcium, 0.13 for PLT, 0.10 for age and 0.06 for EX. The MLP ANN model was established for the estimation of the total PSA values based on the selected variables, and calculated the importance levels of the related variables. Better prediction results in the estimation of total PSA values can be provided by using different additional variables, various resampling methods and alternative models. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 350-4

The influence of corneal collagen cross-linking on anterior chamber in keratoconus

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the corneal changes following corneal cross-linking (CXL) on the anterior chamber in keratoconus patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-five eyes of 32 patients who had been diagnosed with progressive keratoconus and had undergone CXL were included in this retrospective study. The thinnest corneal thickness of the progressive keratoconus patients included in the study was >400 μ. The preoperative (T0), postoperative 6th month (T1), and postoperative 1st year (T2) anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) scheimpflug imaging values were obtained for each eye. Results: The mean T0 ACV value was 182.79 ± 36.68 mmwhile the T1 value was 201.25 ± 41.73 mm3 and the T2 value was 208.40 ± 42.69 mm3 with a statistically significant difference between the periods (P = 0.001). The mean T0 ACA value was 38.64° ±5.85°, increasing to 41.45° ±4.83° in the T1 and 42.10° ± 4.84° in the T2. The T0 value was significantly lower than the post-CXL values (P = 0.003). The mean ACD value was 3.73 ± 0.29 mm at the T0 and 3.82 ± 0.38 mm at the T1 and 3.84 ± 0.36 mm at the T2. The pre-CXL values were significantly lower than the post-CXL values (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The improvement of corneal parameters by CXL in keratoconus patients can have a positive effect on anterior chamber parameters as well. This effect becomes marked at the postoperative first 6-month evaluation

Adaptation of Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale to Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study [Cep Telefonu Problemli Kullanim (PU) Olceginin Turkceye Uyarlanmasi: Gecerlik ve Guvenilirlik Calismasi]

This is a methodological type research that was proceeded to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Scale for the Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PU) among the Turkish society. The related research was conducted within the Spring Semester of 2011-2012 Academic Year on 387 students attending Inonu University Medical Faculty. Besides the scale, a questionnaire for determining the descriptive features of the students was also used in the study. The German original scale was translated into Turkish by using the group translation and retranslation techniques. Content validity index were analyzed for the content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes were conducted for the construct validity and of the scale, the stability over time and internal consistency for reliability analyzes were conducted. Turkish questionnaire of the scale was reviewed by 10 experts to determine for the content (theme) validity. The necessary corrections were done in accordance with the suggestions of the experts, and the value of the content validity index of the scale (KGI) was found 0.89. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses performed to test the structure validity of the scale were completed, and a three-factor structure explaining the 45% of the total scale variance was obtained. Cronbach Alpha value calculated for the reliability analyses of the scales was found 0.854, meanwhile the test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale for the total points was found 0.86. Additionally, the difference between the total average points of the pre-test and the re-test of the scale was not found statistically significant (p=0.30). As a result of the Turkish version of the scale of the values obtained from the PU is defined to be a reliable and valid scale. [Med-Science 2014; 3(3.000): 1361-81

The Levels of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in the Serum of Enterobius Vermicularis Positive Patients

It has been reported that the parasites can make the free oxygen radicals such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and they contain enzymes which produce them. The cytokines play role in the regulation of immune response in living beings. The synthesizing of IL-10 is increased in Enterobius vermicularis, too. The adenosine deaminase (ADA) is also an aminohydrolase which plays role in the catabolism of purine nucleotides, inosines and deoxyinosine deamidates the adenosine and deoxyadenosine irreversibly. In the study, the comparison of ADA levels between the serums of the control group and the group of patients with E. vermicularis was aimed. In the study, the experimental group included 40 E. vermicularis positive patients. The average age of the patients is 35.2±5.4, 20 of them are men and 10 of them are women. The average age of 40 healthy Enterobius vermicularis negative people is 40.23±7.01, 31 of them are male and 9 of them are female. A significant decrease between the Enterobius vermicularis positive patients and the control group was detected in the level of ADA (p=0.0001). It can be considered that the ADA level of E. vermicularis positive patients in the study may be decreased because of increasing oxidative stress due to the parasitic infection. [Med-Science 2014; 3(4.000): 1648-54

Effects of Apelin-13 on Human Prostate Cancer Lines [Insan Prostat Kanseri Hucre Serilerinde Apelin-13un Etkileri]

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent type of cancer in men. The exact solution for the treatment of different types of cancers has not been fully elucideted. Apelin secreted from adipose tissue reveals its effects by binding to APJ receptor. Obesity develops together with increased adipose tissue, and the increase of obesity related-apelin secretion is known. Obesity is a risk factor in the development of cancer, and considering both apelin and its receptor widely localized in the tissues of testis and prostate and apelin may have significant effects on prostate cancer. In the present study, 0.1, 1 and 10 nM concentrations of apelin-13 and three different testosterone concentrations (1, 10 and 100 nM) were separately aplied to human prostate cancer cells with LNCaP (androgen receptor positive) and DU-145 (androgen receptor negative). Then 1, 10 and 100 nM concentrations of testosterone hormone and 10 nM dose of apelin-13 incubated for 24 h in the prostate cancer cells were administrated and were allowed to incubate for 24 h. Effects of apelin-13 and testosterone on prostate cancer cells were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. At the end of the experiment, DU-145 did not affected cell viability while the treatment with apelin -13 and testosterone increased the viability of LNCaP cells (p [Med-Science 2014; 3(3.000): 1427-41

Metastatic gastric melanoma: a challenging diagnosis

Background. The stomach is regarded as a rare site for metastasis. When a gastric mass is observed macroscopically, the presumed diagnosis is usually a primary gastric carcinoma. However, the stomach may be involved in metastatic malignant melanoma. Besides a possible macroscopical misdiagnosis, metastatic gastric melanoma may also be misdiagnosed microscopically as adenocarcinoma due to its protean histological characteristics. These features make metastatic gastric melanoma a challenging diagnosis in some cases

Metastatic Gastric Melanoma: A Challenging Diagnosis

Background. The stomach is regarded as a rare site for metastasis. When a gastric mass is observed macroscopically, the presumed diagnosis is usually a primary gastric carcinoma. However, the stomach may be involved in metastatic malignant melanoma. Besides a possible macroscopical misdiagnosis, metastatic gastric melanoma may also be misdiagnosed microscopically as adenocarcinoma due to its protean histological characteristics. These features make metastatic gastric melanoma a challenging diagnosis in some cases