New advances in relation to economic practices of San Francisco valley foothill groups (northwest Argentina, 800 BC-AD 500) trough biomolecular markers and vegetable micro remains

Se presentan los resultados de análisis de cromatografía gaseosa para la detección de marcadores biomoleculares (ácidos grasos) efectuados en fragmentos cerámicos asociados a la Tradición San Francisco (800 a. C.-500 d. C.). Estos análisis fueron complementados con estudios de almidones y fitolitos a efectos de determinar con mayor precisión las sustancias y recursos que estuvieron en contacto con las paredes de los contenedores cerámicos. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados a la luz de los modelos económicos tradicionalmente propuestos para las sociedades que ocuparon la región pedemontana del valle de San Francisco.The results of gaseous chromatography analyses for bio-molecular (fat acids) markers carried out on pottery fragments associated to San Francisco Tradition (800 BC-AD 500) are presented. These analyses were complemented with starch and phytolite studies in order to determine more accurately substances and resources that were in contact with pottery container walls. Implications of the results are discussed in the light of economic models traditionally proposed for societies that occupied the foothill region of the San Francisco Valley.Fil: Ortiz, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Heit, Cecilia Inés. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

Phytochemical and Biological Profile of Essential Oils of Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Growing in Northeastern Argentina

The purpose of this study was to investigate essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Elionurus muticus growing in Northeastern Argentina regarding their physicochemical profiles as well as their biological potential. Roots of a selected E. muticus population were investigated too. For this purpose, EOs of fresh materials were obtained by steam distillation and the chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography GC/MS-FID. Antibacterial, antioxidant and eco-toxicity activities of the essential oils (EOs) were tested by in vitro assays. The EOs showed three E. muticus chemotypes: citral (neral+geranial), acorenone+bisabolone, acorenone+geranial. EO of roots of citral population contains mainly acorenone derivatives. EOs have high antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, being found minor antibacterial effect against Gram-negative bacteria. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of EOs against DPPH⋅ were 7.1–30.0 mg/mL and the eco-toxicity was high with LD50 <39 μg/mL. Based on the findings, given the high variability in their chemical composition and biological activity of E. muticus EO and the promising yields, it could be potentially chosen for industrial applications.Fil: Celaya, Liliana Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Le Vraux, María Agostina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Heit, Cecilia Inés. Instituto de Investigaciones y Prestaciones de Servicios. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy;Fil: Viturro, Carmen Ines. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta-Jujuy. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Tecnologías y Desarrollo Social para el Noa; ArgentinaFil: Martina, Pablo F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentin

Alkaloids from single skins of the Argentinian toad Melanophryniscus rubriventris (ANURA, BUFONIDAE): An unexpected variability in alkaloid profiles and a profusion of new structures

GC-MS analysis of single-skins of ten Melanophryniscus rubriventris toads (five collections of two toads each) captured during their breeding season in NW Argentina has revealed a total of 127 alkaloids of which 56 had not been previously detected in any frog or toad. Included among these new alkaloids are 23 new diastereomers of previously reported alkaloids. What is particularly distinguishing about the alkaloid profiles of these ten collections is the occurrence of many of the alkaloids, whether known or new to us, in only one of the ten skins sampled, despite two skins being obtained from each breeding site of the five populations. Many of the alkaloids are of classes known to have structures with branched-chains (e.g. pumiliotoxins and tricyclic structures) that are considered to derive from dietary mites. A large number of previously reported and new alkaloids are also of unclassified structures. Only a very few 3,5-disubstituted-indolizidine or -pyrrolizidine alkaloids are observed that have a straight-chain carbon skeleton and are likely derived from ant prey. The possible relationship of these collections made during the toad’s brief breeding episodes to sequestration of dietary arthropods and individual alkaloid profiles is discussed.Fil: Garraffo, H. Martin. Laboratorio de Bioorganic Chemistry; Estados UnidosFil: Andriamaharavo, Nirina R.. Laboratorio de Bioorganic Chemistry; Estados UnidosFil: Vaira, Marcos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Heit, Cecilia Inés. Laboratorio de Análisis de Residuos y Trazas; ArgentinaFil: Spande, Thomas F.. Laboratorio de Bioorganic Chemistry; Estados Unido

Characterization of Origanum Species Grown in Quebrada de Humahuaca

ABSTRACT In order to contribute to the characterization of oregano implanted in Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) physical properties and chemical composition of essential oils (EO) were determined. Pilot and laboratory scale EO were obtained by steam distillation and hydrodistillation (using a Clevenger type trap) respectively from samples of oregano collected from a small production: Oregano negro(On), Oregano compacto(Oc), Oregano mendocino(Oxm) y Oregano criollo(Oxa). Influence of storing period and extraction techniques were also evaluated. All EO were dextrorotatory (+5 to +15) with 0.92 mean specific gravity and 1.483 mean refractive index. Both hybrids (Oxm and Oxa) and Oc belong to A group characterized by Skoula et al. (1999) because the major compounds are aromatic monoterpenes and/or their precursors. O. Negro is closely related to less common sesquiterpene type. It is necessary a complete work on botanical identity correlated with the physical and chemical characterization of essential oils from different Origanum species grown in our country to have a contrasting quality tool