1 research outputs found
Optimization and <i>in Vivo</i> Validation of Peptide Vectors Targeting the LDL Receptor
Active
targeting and delivery to pathophysiological organs of interest is
of paramount importance to increase specific accumulation of therapeutic
drugs or imaging agents while avoiding systemic side effects. We recently
developed a family of new peptide ligands of the human and rodent
LDL receptor (LDLR), an attractive cell-surface receptor with high
uptake activity and local enrichment in several normal or pathological
tissues (Malcor et al., <i>J. Med. Chem.</i> <b>2012</b>, <i>55</i> (5), 2227). Initial chemical optimization of the 15-mer,
all natural amino acid compound 1/VH411 (DSGLĀ[CMPRLRGC]<sub>c</sub>DPR) and structureāactivity relationship (SAR) investigation
led to the cyclic 8 amino acid analogue compound 22/VH445 ([cMPRLRGC]<sub>c</sub>) which specifically binds hLDLR with a <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> of 76 nM and has an <i>in vitro</i> blood
half-life of ā¼3 h. Further introduction of non-natural amino
acids led to the identification of compound 60/VH4106 ([(d)-āPenāMāThzāRLRGC]<sub>c</sub>), which
showed the highest <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> value of 9 nM. However,
this latter analogue displayed the lowest <i>in vitro</i> blood half-life (ā¼1.9 h). In the present study, we designed
a new set of peptide analogues, namely, VH4127 to VH4131, with further
improved biological properties. Detailed analysis of the hLDLR-binding
kinetics of previous and new analogues showed that the latter all
displayed very high on-rates, in the 10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>ā1.</sup>M<sup>ā1</sup> range, and off-rates varying from the low 10<sup>ā2</sup> s<sup>ā1</sup> to the 10<sup>ā1</sup> s<sup>ā1</sup> range. Furthermore, all these new analogues
showed increased blood half-lives <i>in vitro</i>, reaching
ā¼7 and 10 h for VH4129 and VH4131, respectively. Interestingly,
we demonstrate in cell-based assays using both VH445 and the most
balanced optimized analogue VH4127 ([cMāThzāRLRGāPenā]<sub>c</sub>), showing a <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> of 18 nM and a
blood half-life of ā¼4.3 h, that its higher on-rate correlated
with a significant increase in both the extent of cell-surface binding
to hLDLR and the endocytosis potential. Finally, intravenous injection
of tritium-radiolabeled <sup>3</sup>H-VH4127 in wild-type or <i>ldlr</i> ā/ā mice confirmed their active LDLR
targeting <i>in vivo</i>. Overall, this study extends our
previous work toward a diversified portfolio of LDLR-targeted peptide
vectors with validated LDLR-targeting potential <i>in vivo</i>