Germinação e emergência de plântulas associadas ao tamanho e peletização de sementes de quinoa

This work has been performed with the aim of verifying the existing relation between the size of the quinoa seeds and their pelleting in lab germination and emergence of seedlings in field. First, the experiment has been conducted in laboratory, using completely randomized design (DIC) with incomplete factorial scheme 2 x (4 or 3). Then, it has been conducted to field, using randomized block design (DBC) with subdivided portions, in four repetitions and with scheme of 2 x (3 or 2). The statistical analyses have been calculated using the software R, followed by the analysis of variance followed by the Tukey average test in 5% of error probability. According to the performed tests, when put into lab environment, bigger quinoa seeds present higher germination performance than smaller seeds. When the seeds were put into field condition, no matter the size of the seed or its pelleting process, there was no meaningful difference in the index of emergence speed.Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a relação existente entre o tamanho de sementes de quinoa e a peletização das mesmas, na sua germinação em laboratório e emergência de plântulas em campo. Primeiramente, o experimento foi conduzido em laboratório utilizando delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) com esquema fatorial incompleto 2 x (4 ou 3), em seguida, foi conduzido a campo utilizando delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) com parcelas subdivididas, em quatro repetições e com esquema de 2 x (3 ou 2). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o auxílio do aplicativo computacional R e foram realizadas a análise de variância seguida do teste de média de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. De acordo com os testes realizados, sementes de quinoa maiores, quando colocadas em ambiente de laboratório, apresentam maior desempenho germinativo do que as sementes menores. Quando as sementes foram colocadas em condição de campo, independentemente do tamanho da semente, ou do processo de peletização, não houve diferença significativa no índice de velocidade de emergência

Action of formulated rosemary against Meloidogyne incognita in soybean

The damage caused by nematodes has been severe in many crops in Brazil, causing a reduction in agricultural yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a formulation, elaborated with extract of the rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and cassava bark, on the control of nematode Meloidogyne incognita in soybean. The doses evaluated were 0.0; 25; 50; 100; 150 and 200 mL of the dried formulation per pot of 3 L containing soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized block design, with five replications. We evaluated dried and fresh masses of aerial part, fresh mass of root, and the number of egg mass, galls and second stage juveniles (J2) and eggs in root and soil. The soybean plants showed growth reduction resulting from the interaction of the formulation, maybe due a phytotoxic effect from cassava bark. There was allelopathic effect in soybean plants treated with formulated made with cassava bark + aqueous extract of rosemary, evidenced by inhibition in plant development according to the increase in doses of the formulated. Moreover, the formulated was not efficient in the control and or reduction of M. incognita

Spreading drops of insecticide syrup with different doses of adjuvants on cassava leaves

It was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of spreading drops in cassava leaves of Solutions with Biological insecticides and adjuvants in different concentrations. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 3 x 5, with four replications. The treatments consisted in the preparation of solutions of two biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (500 g ha- 1, Dipel WP® - 32,0 g kg-1) and baculovirus (0,41 g ha- 1) , with addition of three adjuvants (Mineral oil-Nimbus®, vegetable oil- Aureo® and glycerine- Hygrogem® , soybean biodiesel byproduct ) in five concentrations (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 and 0,8 % v v- 1), cassava leaves comes the variety 'IAC 90'. The spreading of the drops (13μL) of the solutions were evaluated in adaxial and abaxial faces. There was triple interaction among factors insecticides, adjuvants and concentration of adjuvants. It was found that the B. thuringiensis + mineral oil (0,5% v v-1)  and B. thuringiensis+ vegetable oil (0,3% v v-1) provided the largest areas of spreading of droplets on the face adaxial and abaxial respectively. The Baculorívus+vegetable oil (0,6 e 0,8% v v-1) provided higher spreading of drops on the face adaxial and abaxial respectivelyl. Glycerin in concentrations evaluated, not shown to be effective both in reducing the surface tension of the solutions, as in spreading drops. The efficiency of spreading drops on cassava leaves was dependent on the biological insecticide used and the adjuvant type and concentration used in the preparation of the spray solution.Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do espalhamento de gotas em folhas de mandioca de soluções com inseticidas biológicos e adjuvantes em diferentes It was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of spreading drops in cassava leaves of solutions with biological insecticides and adjuvants in different concentrations. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 3 x 5, with four replications. The treatments consisted in the preparation of solutions of two biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (500 g ha-1, Dipel WP® - 32.0 g kg-1) and Baculovirus (0.41 g ha-1), with addition of three adjuvants (Mineral oil - Nimbus®, vegetable oil - Aureo® and glycerine - Hygrogem®, soybean biodiesel byproduct) in five concentrations (0.0%; 0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6% and 0.8% v v-1), on cassava leaves of variety ‘IAC 90’. The spreading of the drops (13 μL) of the solutions was evaluated in adaxial and abaxial faces. There was triple interaction among factors insecticides, adjuvants and concentration of adjuvants. It was found that the B. thuringiensis + mineral oil (0.5% v v-1) and B. thuringiensis + vegetable oil (0.3% v v-1) provided the largest areas of spreading of droplets on the adaxial and abaxial faces, respectively. The Baculorivus + vegetable oil (0.6% e 0.8% v v-1) provided higher spreading of drops on the adaxial and abaxial faces, respectivelyl. Glycerin in concentrations evaluated, not shown to be effective both in reducing the surface tension of the solutions, as in spreading drops. The efficiency of spreading drops on cassava leaves was dependent on the biological insecticide used and the adjuvant type and concentration used in the preparation of the spray solution

ESPALHAMENTO E TENSÃO SUPERFICIAL DE GOTAS DE SOLUÇÕES COM HERBICIDAS E ADJUVANTES EM FOLHAS DE Digitaria insularis

Objetivou-se avaliar a tensão superficial e eficiência do espalhamento de gotas de soluções com herbicidas e adjuvantes em diferentes concentrações em folhas de Digitaria insularis. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram glyphosate (Roundup Original®, 360 g L-1) na dose de 960 g L-1 e glufosinato-sal de amônio (Finale®, 200 g L-1), na dose de 400 g L-1 com adição dos adjuvantes: óleo mineral (Nimbus®), óleo vegetal (Aureo®) e glicerina (Hygrogem®, subproduto do biodiesel de soja), nas concentrações de: 0,00; 0,08; 0,16; 0,31; 0,63; 1,25; 2,50 e 5,00% (v/v), em folhas de Digitaria insularis. O espalhamento das gotas das soluções foram avaliadas nas faces foliares adaxial e abaxial. A eficiência no espalhamento de gotas nas folhas de D. insularis foi dependente do herbicida da face foliar, bem como da concentração dos adjuvantes avaliados. Observou-se que os adjuvantes foram eficientes em reduzir a tensão superficial das soluções com os herbicidas, com exceção para a glicerina adicionada ao glifosato. O glifosato+óleo mineral (3,2%) e o glufosinato+óleo vegetal (0,3%) foram os mais eficientes no espalhamento na face adaxial da folha de D. insularis, enquanto que o glifosato+óleo mineral (0,6%) e o glufosinato+óleo mineral (1,5%) foram os mais eficientes no espalhamento na face abaxial

ÁREA DE ESPALHAMENTO DE GOTAS DE SOLUÇÕES COM INSETICIDA BIOLÓGICO E ADJUVANTES EM FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA

This project aim to evaluate the efficiency of spreading droplets in solutions with biological insecticide and adjuvants in leaves of different varieties of cassava. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial 3x7, with four replications. It was performed three solutions with biological insecticide, with and without adjuvants: Bacillus thuringiensis (500 g ha-1, Dipel WP® - 32.0 g Kg-1), B. thuringiensis (500 g ha-1) + glicerine (0.5% v v-1 , Hygrogem® byproduct from the soybean biodiesel) and B. thuringiensis + mineral oil (0.5% v v-1, Nimbus®) and were evaluated in seven varieties of cassava (Baianinha, Cascuda, Fécula Branca, IAC 118, OlhoJunto, Peru and IPR-União). The spreading of droplets of the solutions was evaluated on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the varieties. Only the treatment B. thuringiensis+mineral oil caused surface tension reduction of the drops in about 34.43% and 33.74% in relation to the others treatments B. thuringiensis and B. thuringiensis + glicerina, respectively. The treatment B. thuringiensis + mineral oil caused the greater spreading of the droplets on the adaxial surface of the leaf than the others treatments. The treatment B. thuringiensis + mineral oil caused greater spreading of the droplets in the abaxial surface of the leaf to the varieties Cascuda and Olho Junto. It was concluded that the spreading of the drops of solutions with biological inseticide in leaf surfaces of cassava varieties was dependent of adjuvant added to solution

Área de Espalhamento de Gotas de Soluções com Inseticida Biológico e Adjuvantes em Folhas de Mandioca

This project aim to evaluate the efficiency of spreading droplets in solutions with biological insecticide and adjuvants in leaves of different varieties of cassava. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial 3x7, with four replications. It was performed three solutions with biological insecticide, with and without adjuvants: Bacillus thuringiensis (500 g ha-1, Dipel WP® - 32.0 g Kg-1), B. thuringiensis (500 g ha-1) + glicerine (0.5% v v-1 , Hygrogem® byproduct from the soybean biodiesel) and B. thuringiensis + mineral oil (0.5% v v-1, Nimbus®) and were evaluated in seven varieties of cassava (Baianinha, Cascuda, Fécula Branca, IAC 118, OlhoJunto, Peru and IPR-União). The spreading of droplets of the solutions was evaluated on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the varieties. Only the treatment B. thuringiensis+mineral oil caused surface tension reduction of the drops in about 34.43% and 33.74% in relation to the others treatments B. thuringiensis and B. thuringiensis + glicerina, respectively. The treatment B. thuringiensis + mineral oil caused the greater spreading of the droplets on the adaxial surface of the leaf than the others treatments. The treatment B. thuringiensis + mineral oil caused greater spreading of the droplets in the abaxial surface of the leaf to the varieties Cascuda and Olho Junto. It was concluded that the spreading of the drops of solutions with biological inseticide in leaf surfaces of cassava varieties was dependent of adjuvant added to solution