5 research outputs found
Anxiety Sensitivity and Adolescent Sports Related Concussion
The yearly prevalence of sports-related concussion (SRC) amongst adolescents is quite high. While most adolescents recover within 4 weeks, there is a significant minority whose symptoms linger. One challenge facing clinicians is there is no single pathophysiological biomarker of concussion, so current diagnostic and treatment models are dependent on self-reporting of symptoms. Previous research has focused on factors that might be related to symptom reporting and duration symptoms, including anxiety and depression. However, few studies have focused on the psychological mechanisms that drive anxiety and depression and the unique contributions of these mechanisms to symptom reporting after concussion. One specifically promising psychological mechanism is anxiety sensitivity, the catastrophic misinterpretation of internal sensations. It is a mechanism that is well studied, related to a range of pathologies and adverse responses to biological sensations, and amenable to treatment. The present study examined the relationship that anxiety sensitivity has with the initial reporting of symptoms after adolescent SRC and rate of change in symptoms over time (6 weeks). Participants were 40 adolescents who presented for treatment following a sports injury at a specialty children’s sports medicine clinic with 20 sustaining a SRC and 20 sustaining a musculoskeletal injury. All participants filled out an online survey to their symptom severity and anxiety sensitivity across three time points during a six-week period. Anxiety sensitivity showed a moderating effect on symptoms reported for the concussed group, with those in the concussed group reporting more initial symptoms as their anxiety sensitivity scores increased. However, anxiety sensitivity was not related to rate of change (reduction) in symptoms reported overtime. Although further study is needed, the finding that anxiety sensitivity has a moderating effect on initial symptom reporting may suggest a target for early intervention. Overall, the present study serves as an early step in establishing the relationship of anxiety sensitivity with symptom reporting following adolescent SRC
Anxiety Sensitivity and Adolescent Sports Related Concussion
The yearly prevalence of sports-related concussion (SRC) amongst adolescents is quite high. While most adolescents recover within 4 weeks, there is a significant minority whose symptoms linger. One challenge facing clinicians is there is no single pathophysiological biomarker of concussion, so current diagnostic and treatment models are dependent on self-reporting of symptoms. Previous research has focused on factors that might be related to symptom reporting and duration symptoms, including anxiety and depression. However, few studies have focused on the psychological mechanisms that drive anxiety and depression and the unique contributions of these mechanisms to symptom reporting after concussion. One specifically promising psychological mechanism is anxiety sensitivity, the catastrophic misinterpretation of internal sensations. It is a mechanism that is well studied, related to a range of pathologies and adverse responses to biological sensations, and amenable to treatment. The present study examined the relationship that anxiety sensitivity has with the initial reporting of symptoms after adolescent SRC and rate of change in symptoms over time (6 weeks). Participants were 40 adolescents who presented for treatment following a sports injury at a specialty children’s sports medicine clinic with 20 sustaining a SRC and 20 sustaining a musculoskeletal injury. All participants filled out an online survey to their symptom severity and anxiety sensitivity across three time points during a six-week period. Anxiety sensitivity showed a moderating effect on symptoms reported for the concussed group, with those in the concussed group reporting more initial symptoms as their anxiety sensitivity scores increased. However, anxiety sensitivity was not related to rate of change (reduction) in symptoms reported overtime. Although further study is needed, the finding that anxiety sensitivity has a moderating effect on initial symptom reporting may suggest a target for early intervention. Overall, the present study serves as an early step in establishing the relationship of anxiety sensitivity with symptom reporting following adolescent SRC
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Association Between Concussion History and Factors Relating to Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Health Among American High School Athletes: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Background: The cognitive, behavioral, and emotional deficits that may be associated with sports-related concussions among adolescents are unclear. Purpose: To examine the association between reported concussion history and factors relating to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional health among a population-based sample of US high school–aged adolescents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Participants included a representative sample of US high school student-athletes who reported a concussion history (in the past 12 months) and relevant behaviors/outcomes within 3 domains: cognitive (academics, difficulty concentrating), behavioral (drinking and driving, carrying a weapon, physically fighting, tobacco use, marijuana use, binge drinking), and emotional (symptoms of depression, suicidal thoughts/actions). The adjusted relative odds of experiencing 0 and at least 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 concussions were modeled while mutually adjusting for the behaviors of interest in addition to age, race/ethnicity, and sleep problems. Data were reported in sex stratum. Results: A total of 13,268 participants were included in the unweighted data set. Overall, 14.5% (95% CI, 12.9%-16.2%) of female and 18.1% (95% CI, 16.4%-19.8%) of male student-athletes had at least 1 concussion in the past 12 months. As compared with those who reported not engaging in any of the behaviors deleterious to health or having had any of the negative health outcomes (composite score of 0), female athletes with composite scores of 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 11 were 1.94 (95% CI, 1.55-2.43), 3.13 (95% CI, 2.30-4.33), and 6.05 (95% CI, 3.75-9.75) times more likely to have a recent history of concussions after accounting for relevant factors. As compared with those having a composite score of 0, male athletes with composite scores of 1 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 11 were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.58-2.59), 3.80 (95% CI, 2.71-5.34), and 8.23 (95% CI, 4.91-13.77) times more likely to have a recent history of concussions after accounting for relevant factors. Conclusion: Self-reported concussions among US high school athletes is related to several deleterious health behaviors and outcomes. These associations should be confirmed in longitudinal analyses