An Application of Monroe C. Beardsley's Controverion Theory of Metaphor – On Examples of Synaesthetic Metaphor from Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu

This thesis is to go head to head with metaphor theory and to humbly try to wrestle from the enormous structure of facts and hypotheses that such theories form collectively, one theory that might favorably be used to study another interesting phenomenon. This phenomenon is the variety of metaphor that is encouraging of synaesthesia, called simply synaesthetic metaphor. For the first part of this thesis general metaphor theory has been studied in an endeavor to grasp the broader strokes of what metaphor is and what it has been considered to be through history. The reading process was then, more or less automatically, honed in towards more and more specialized cases of metaphor theory and also critique of metaphor theories which indeed have turned out to be even more educational than many of the theories themselves. As part of the purpose of this thesis is to look upon synaesthetic metaphor, one theory, after considering many, stood out as being the most suitable to do so. For studying synaesthetic metaphor philosopher Monroe C Beardsley’s theory as he presents it in his book Aesthetics – Problems in the Philosophy of Criticism (1958) was found to be the most suitable, but to be able to apply it to examples, it had to be rigorously presented in the text. Throughout this presentation effort was made to problematize Beardsley’s concepts and ideas which indeed led to further insights on what metaphor might be. To find examples to apply the selected theory on, or put simply to find test subjects, a literary work that is acclaimed for its richness in figural language was turned to. After reading the first two volumes of Proust’s epic In Search of Lost Time (À la recherche du temps perdu, 1913 – 1927), synaesthetic metaphors were chosen under no rule but that there should be examples from all five senses to ensure some breadth. For the next part of the thesis the functions and mechanisms of the theory of metaphor chosen was simply tested on the synaesthetic metaphors from Proust in an attempt to explicate them. From these explications some concluding answers to the research questions were drawn and somewhat further problematized in the finishing discussion

White Working Class Communities in Stockholm

This report is part of a six-city research series, Europe's White Working Class Communities, which examines the realities of people from majority populations in Aarhus, Amsterdam, Berlin, Lyon, Manchester, and Stockholm.White Working Class Communities in Stockholm explores the experiences and concerns of majority Swedes in Greater Stockholm, more specifically in the municipality of Southern Botkyrka. Botkyrka is the fifth-largest municipality in Greater Stockholm, with a history of migration stretching back to at least the 1960s. It is today the first municipality in Sweden where the majority population is no longer the majority locally, but the biggest demographic segment among many minorities.A working class and lower-middle class municipality, Botkyrka is divided into the North—traditionally a home to immigrant workers where today 65 percent of residents have a foreign background—and Southern Botkyrka, a relatively homogenous neighborhood where only 25 percent of residents have a foreign background. While Northern Botkyrka is relatively poor, Southern Botkyrka is a mix of poor and high-income residents. Though few Swedes from the majority population feel marginalized, there are signs that this is changing, with inequality on the rise and labor market participation decreasing for those with less education. Following on from work by the Open Society Foundations' At Home in Europe project on Muslim and Somali communities in Western Europe, this research focuses on white working class communities in seven areas of local policy—employment, education, health, housing, political participation, policing, and the media—as well as broader themes of belonging and identity. It is one of a series providing ground-breaking research on the experiences of a section of the population whose lives are often caricatured and whose voices are rarely heard in debates on integration, social cohesion, and social inclusion. Through a comparative lens, the project seeks to highlight parallels and differences in policies, practices, and experiences across the European cities

Bildspråk i en applicerad intermedialitet : Vinrecensionen och sökandet efter den perfekta smakreproduktionen

Sammanfattningsvis kan åtagandena i uppsatsen kokas ned till följande: Dess syfte är att se till hur intermedialitet och bildspråklighet manifesterar sig i vinrecensionen samt hur dessa två fenomen interagerar i densamma. Frågan som söks besvaras är: Hur arbetar bildspråk för att uppnå god överföring mellan medier i en applicerad intermedialitet? Metoden för att besvara denna fråga utgår ifrån en jämförelse mellan vinrecensionens sätt att kommunicera med sin läsare och idéer från semiotiska kommunikationsmodeller angående hur betydelse överförs. Dessutom görs historiska utblickar angående intermedialitet och bildspråk i respektive kapitel, för att vinna hävd åt definitionerna i uppsatsen. Samtliga moment utförs i semiotisk anda, med fokus på språk och på de strukturer som styr sådana

Verksamheter för hemlösa missbrukare i Lund : viktiga andra?

The purpose of this paper was to study the various organisations that work with drug abusing homeless people in Lund. We have tried to compare the possibilities they have to change the way the homeless people look at themselves. The organisations that we have studied are Aluma, Diakonicentralen, the shelter Piletorp and the social welfare office. The methods used to collect data were interviews with professionals and homeless people as well as reading literature. We have used Ted Goldberg's (docent in social work at the university in Stockholm) theory. He writes that you have to be a significant other to persons with deviant behaviour to be able to help them become a part of the society and to change the way they look at themselves. We believe that the outcomes of this study show that the professionals in all of the organisations can become those people

Value och Momentum - en empirisk studie på den svenska aktiemarknaden

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida en kombination av de två investeringsstrategierna ”value investing” och ”momentum” genererar överavkastning på Stockholmsbörsen. Studien visar att en kombination av value och momentum ger en statistiskt signifikant överavkastning. Under åren 2000 till 2010 har kombinationsportföljen genererat en genomsnittlig avkastning på 19,61 % per år. Detta visar på att den svenska aktiemarknaden är ineffektiv enligt den effektiva marknadshypotesen

The surprisingly low carbon mass in the debris disk around HD 32297

Gas has been detected in a number of debris disks. It is likely secondary, i.e. produced by colliding solids. Here, we report ALMA Band 8 observations of neutral carbon in the CO-rich debris disk around the 15--30 Myr old A-type star HD 32297. We find that C$^0$ is located in a ring at $\sim$110 au with a FWHM of $\sim$80 au, and has a mass of $(3.5\pm0.2)\times10^{-3}$ M$_\oplus$. Naively, such a surprisingly small mass can be accumulated from CO photo-dissociation in a time as short as $\sim$10$^4$ yr. We develop a simple model for gas production and destruction in this system, properly accounting for CO self-shielding and shielding by neutral carbon, and introducing a removal mechanism for carbon gas. We find that the most likely scenario to explain both C$^0$ and CO observations, is one where the carbon gas is rapidly removed on a timescale of order a thousand years and the system maintains a very high CO production rate of $\sim$15 M$_\oplus$ Myr$^{-1}$, much higher than the rate of dust grind-down. We propose a possible scenario to meet these peculiar conditions: the capture of carbon onto dust grains, followed by rapid CO re-formation and re-release. In steady state, CO would continuously be recycled, producing a CO-rich gas ring that shows no appreciable spreading over time. This picture might be extended to explain other gas-rich debris disks.Comment: accepted for publication in the Ap

Why every observatory needs a disco ball

Commercial disco balls provide a safe, effective and instructive way of observing the Sun. We explore the optics of solar projections with disco balls, and find that while sunspot observations are challenging, the solar disk and its changes during eclipses are easy and fun to observe. We explore the disco ball's potential for observing the moon and other bright astronomical phenomena.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to Physics Education. Comments welcom