4,652 research outputs found
The History of Cosmic Baryons: X-ray Emission vs. Star Formation Rate
We relate the star formation from cold baryons in virialized structures to
the X-ray properties of the associated diffuse, hot baryonic component. Our
computations use the standard ``semi-analytic'' models to describe i) the
evolution of dark matter halos through merging after the hierarchical
clustering, ii) the star formation governed by radiative cooling and by
supernova feedback, iii) the hydro- and thermodynamics of the hot gas, rendered
with our Punctuated Equilibria model. So we relate the X-ray observables
concerning the intra-cluster medium to the thermal energy of the gas pre-heated
and expelled by supernovae following star formation, and then accreted during
the subsequent merging events. We show that at fluxes fainter than erg/cm s (well within the reach of next generation X-ray
observatories) the X-ray counts of extended extragalactic sources (as well as
the faint end of the luminosity function, the contribution to the soft X-ray
background, and the correlation at the group scales) increase
considerably when the star formation rate is enhanced for z>1 as indicated by
growing optical/infrared evidence. Specifically, the counts in the range 0.5-2
keV are increased by factors when the the feedback is decreased and
star formation is enhanced as to yield a flat shape of the star formation rate
for 2<z<4.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The SZ Effect as a Probe of Non-Gravitational Entropy in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies
We investigate how strongly and at what scales the Sunyaev- Zel'dovich effect
reflects the shifting balance between the two processes that compete for
governing the density and the thermodynamic state of the hot intra-cluster
medium pervading clusters and groups of galaxies: the hierarchical clustering
of the DM; the non-gravitational energy and momentum fed back into the ICM by
the condensing baryons. We base on a SAM of galaxy formation and clustering to
describe how the baryons are partitioned among the hot, the cool and the
stellar phase; the partition shifts as the galaxies cluster hierarchically, and
as the feedback by stellar winds and SN explosions follows the star formation.
Their impact is amplified by the same large scale accretion shocks that
thermalize the gravitational energy of gas falling into the growing potential
wells. We compute the Compton parameter , and find a relation of with
the ICM temperature, the relation, which departs from the self-similar
scaling and bends down at temperatures typical of galaxy groups. We
model-independently relate this with the analogous behaviour of the L_x - T
relation, and discuss to what extent our results are generic of the
hierarchical models of galaxy formation and clustering.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS; typos correcte
Temperature-induced emergence of Wigner correlations in a STM-probed one-dimensional quantum dot
The temperature-induced emergence of Wigner correlations over finite-size
effects in a strongly interacting one-dimensional quantum dot are studied in
the framework of the spin coherent Luttinger liquid. We demonstrate that, for
temperatures comparable with the zero mode spin excitations, Friedel
oscillations are suppressed by the thermal fluctuations of higher spin modes.
On the other hand, the Wigner oscillations, sensitive to the charge mode only,
are stable and become more visible. This behavior is proved to be robust both
in the thermal electron density and in the linear conductance in the presence
of an STM tip. This latter probe is not directly proportional to the electron
density and may confirm the above phenomena with complementary and additional
information
Theory of the STM detection of Wigner molecules in spin incoherent CNTs
The linear conductance of a carbon nanotube quantum dot in the Wigner
molecule regime, coupled to two scanning tunnel microscope tips is inspected.
Considering the high temperature regime, the nanotube quantum dot is described
by means of the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid picture. The linear
conductance exhibits spatial oscillations induced by the presence of the
correlated, molecular electron state. A power-law scaling of the electron
density and of the conductance as a function of the interaction parameter are
found. They confirm local transport as a sensitive tool to investigate the
Wigner molecule. The double-tip setup allows to explore different transport
regimes with different shapes of the spatial modulation, all bringing
information about the Wigner molecule
AFM probe for the signatures of Wigner correlations in the conductance of a one-dimensional quantum dot
The transport properties of an interacting one-dimensional quantum dot
capacitively coupled to an atomic force microscope probe are investigated. The
dot is described within a Luttinger liquid framework which captures both
Friedel and Wigner oscillations. In the linear regime, we demonstrate that both
the conductance peak position and height oscillate as the tip is scanned along
the dot. A pronounced beating pattern in the conductance maximum is observed,
connected to the oscillations of the electron density. Signatures of the
effects induced by a Wigner molecule are clearly identified and their stability
against the strength of Coulomb interactions are analyzed. While the
oscillations of the peak position due to Wigner get enhanced at strong
interactions, the peak height modulations are suppressed as interactions grow.
Oscillations due to Friedel, on the other hand, are robust against interaction.Comment: 9 figure
Probing Wigner correlations in a suspended carbon nanotube
The influence of the electron-vibron coupling on the transport properties of
a strongly interacting quantum dot built in a suspended carbon nanotube is
analyzed. The latter is probed by a charged AFM tip scanned along the axis of
the CNT which induces oscillations of the chemical potential and of the linear
conductance. These oscillations are due to the competition between finite-size
effects and the formation of a Wigner molecule for strong interactions. Such
oscillations are shown to be suppressed by the electron-vibron coupling. The
suppression is more pronounced in the regime of weak Coulomb interactions,
which ensures that probing Wigner correlations in such a system is in principle
possible
The Dark Matter Radial Profile in the Core of the Relaxed Cluster A2589
We present an analysis of a Chandra--ACIS observation of the galaxy cluster
A2589 to constrain the radial distribution of the total gravitating matter and
the dark matter in the core of the cluster. A2589 is especially well-suited for
this analysis because the hot gas in its core region (r < ~0.1 Rvir) is
undisturbed by interactions with a central radio source. From the largest
radius probed (r=0.07 Rvir) down to r ~0.02 Rvir dark matter dominates the
gravitating mass. Over this region the radial profiles of the gravitating and
dark matter are fitted well by the NFW and Hernquist profiles predicted by CDM.
The density profiles are also described well by power laws, rho ~r^{-alpha},
where alpha=1.37 +/- 0.14 for the gravitating matter and alpha=1.35 +/- 0.21
for the dark matter. These values are consistent with profiles of CDM halos but
are significantly larger than alpha ~0.5 found in LSB galaxies and expected
from self-interacting dark matter models.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, To Appear in The Astrophysical Journal, March 20
issue, a few very minor changes to match copyedited versio
Correlation functions for the detection of Wigner molecules in a one-channel Luttinger liquid quantum dot
In one-channel, finite-size Luttinger one-dimensional quantum dots, both
Friedel oscillations and Wigner correlations induce oscillations in the
electron density with the same wavelength, pinned at the same position.
Therefore, observing such a property does not provide any hint about the
formation of a Wigner molecule when electrons interact strongly and other tools
must be employed to assess the formation of such correlated states. We compare
here the behavior of three different correlation functions and demonstrate that
the integrated two point correlation function, which represents the probability
density of finding two particles at a given distance, is the only faithful
estimator for the formation of a correlated Wigner molecule.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
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