The Relative Space: Space Measurements on a Rotating Platform

We introduce here the concept of relative space, an extended 3-space which is recognized as the only space having an operational meaning in the study of the space geometry of a rotating disk. Accordingly, we illustrate how space measurements are performed in the relative space, and we show that an old-aged puzzling problem, that is the Ehrenfest's paradox, is explained in this purely relativistic context. Furthermore, we illustrate the kinematical origin of the tangential dilation which is responsible for the solution of the Ehrenfest's paradox.Comment: 14 pages, 2 EPS figures, LaTeX, to appear in the European Journal of Physic

The alpha-effect in rotating convection: a comparison of numerical simulations

Numerical simulations are an important tool in furthering our understanding of turbulent dynamo action, a process that occurs in a vast range of astrophysical bodies. It is important in all computational work that comparisons are made between different codes and, if non-trivial differences arise, that these are explained. Kapyla et al (2010: MNRAS 402, 1458) describe an attempt to reproduce the results of Hughes & Proctor (2009: PRL 102, 044501) and, by employing a different methodology, they arrive at very different conclusions concerning the mean electromotive force and the generation of large-scale fields. Here we describe why the simulations of Kapyla et al (2010) are simply not suitable for a meaningful comparison, since they solve different equations, at different parameter values and with different boundary conditions. Furthermore we describe why the interpretation of Kapyla et al (2010) of the calculation of the alpha-effect is inappropriate and argue that the generation of large-scale magnetic fields by turbulent convection remains a problematic issue.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 5 pages, 3 figure

Exchange rate pass-through to import prices in South Africa: Is there asymmetry?

There is growing emphasis on the role played by the private sector in alleviating poverty in Africa. At the same time, greater focus is being placed on cash transfers as a poverty alleviation tool. This paper provides an economic rationale for private sector involvement in the provision of cash transfers. Previous research has focused on how the financial sector can provide payment solutions. In addition to payment mechanisms, the paper examines other avenues through which the private sector can contribute to cash transfer programmes .business taxes and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Reducing corruption in tax administration and an enabling investment climate are essential if business taxes are to be a sustainable financing source for cash transfers. Governments can incorporate CSR into national policies and strategies which identify cash transfers as a poverty alleviation instrument. Cell phone banking, mobile branches, Point of sale (POS) technology and low cost banking are increasing access to financial services by the poor. These financial innovations can be used to make cash transfer payments.Exchange rate pass-through, Asymmetric pass-through, VECM, South Africa

Graph complexes in deformation quantization

Kontsevich's formality theorem and the consequent star-product formula rely on the construction of an $L_\infty$-morphism between the DGLA of polyvector fields and the DGLA of polydifferential operators. This construction uses a version of graphical calculus. In this article we present the details of this graphical calculus with emphasis on its algebraic features. It is a morphism of differential graded Lie algebras between the Kontsevich DGLA of admissible graphs and the Chevalley-Eilenberg DGLA of linear homomorphisms between polyvector fields and polydifferential operators. Kontsevich's proof of the formality morphism is reexamined in this light and an algebraic framework for discussing the tree-level reduction of Kontsevich's star-product is described.Comment: 39 pages; 3 eps figures; uses Xy-pic. Final version. Details added, mainly concerning the tree-level approximation. Typos corrected. An abridged version will appear in Lett. Math. Phy

AKSZ-BV Formalism and Courant Algebroid-induced Topological Field Theories

We give a detailed exposition of the Alexandrov-Kontsevich-Schwarz- Zaboronsky superfield formalism using the language of graded manifolds. As a main illustarting example, to every Courant algebroid structure we associate canonically a three-dimensional topological sigma-model. Using the AKSZ formalism, we construct the Batalin-Vilkovisky master action for the model.Comment: 13 pages, based on lectures at Rencontres mathematiques de Glanon 200

Classical BV theories on manifolds with boundary

In this paper we extend the classical BV framework to gauge theories on spacetime manifolds with boundary. In particular, we connect the BV construction in the bulk with the BFV construction on the boundary and we develop its extension to strata of higher codimension in the case of manifolds with corners. We present several examples including electrodynamics, Yang-Mills theory and topological field theories coming from the AKSZ construction, in particular, the Chern-Simons theory, the $BF$ theory, and the Poisson sigma model. This paper is the first step towards developing the perturbative quantization of such theories on manifolds with boundary in a way consistent with gluing.Comment: The second version has many typos corrected, references added. Some typos are probably still there, in particular, signs in examples. In the third version more typoes are corrected and the exposition is slightly change

Hawking Radiation as Tunneling: the D-dimensional rotating case

The tunneling method for the Hawking radiation is revisited and applied to the $D$ dimensional rotating case. Emphasis is given to covariance of results. Certain ambiguities afflicting the procedure are resolved.Comment: Talk delivered at the Seventh International Workshop Quantum Field Theory under the influence of External Conditions, QFEXT'05, september 05,Barcelona, Spain. To appear in Journal of Phys.

On the Observables Describing a Quantum Reference Frame

A reference frame F is described by the element g of the Poincare' group P which connects F with a given fixed frame F_0. If F is a quantum frame, defined by a physical object following the laws of quantum physics, the parameters of g have to be considered as quantum observables. However, these observables are not compatible and some of them, namely the coordinates of the origin of F, cannot be represented by self-adjoint operators. Both these difficulties can be overcome by considering a positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) on P, covariant with respect to the left translations of the group, namely a covariance system. We develop a construction procedure for this kind of mathematical structure. The formalism is also used to discuss the quantum observables measured with respect to a quantum reference frame.Comment: 23 pages, no figure

Symplectic Microgeometry II: Generating functions

We adapt the notion of generating functions for lagrangian submanifolds to symplectic microgeometry. We show that a symplectic micromorphism always admits a global generating function. As an application, we describe hamiltonian flows as special symplectic micromorphisms whose local generating functions are the solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. We obtain a purely categorical formulation of the temporal evolution in classical mechanics.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figur

One-dimensional Chern-Simons theory

We study a one-dimensional toy version of the Chern-Simons theory. We construct its simplicial version which comprises features of a low-energy effective gauge theory and of a topological quantum field theory in the sense of Atiyah.Comment: 37 page