25 research outputs found

    Etude de la longueur des télomÚres, des effets artériels du sel et de l'aldostérone dans le vieillissement accéléré induit par le stress oxydant, le diabÚte et l'hypertension

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    [RĂ©sumĂ© en français] La sĂ©nescence cellulaire est dĂ©clenchĂ©e en rĂ©ponse au raccourcissement des tĂ©lomĂšres et Ă  l'augmentation du stress oxydant. Si l'Ăąge chronologique contribue Ă  l'aggravation des symptĂŽmes du vieillissement, plusieurs autres facteurs gĂ©nĂ©tiques et environnementaux peuvent influencer l'apparition plus ou moins prĂ©coce des modifications liĂ©es au vieillissement. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© par une approche clinique et expĂ©rimentale la contribution du stress oxydant et les effets artĂ©riels du sel et de l'aldostĂ©rone dans l'accĂ©lĂ©ration du vieillissement. Nous avons montrĂ© qu'un stress oxydant chronique pouvait induire in vivo un raccourcissement des tĂ©lomĂšres avec une spĂ©cificitĂ© tissulaire chez la souris CAST/EiJ suggĂ©rant une sĂ©nescence prĂ©maturĂ©e. Au plan clinique, nous avons prĂ©cisĂ© les relations entre stress oxydant, sĂ©nescence cellulaire et vieillissement cardiovasculaire en montrant que la microalbuminurie du diabĂšte de type 2, facteur de risque cardiovasculaire, Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  la prĂ©sence de tĂ©lomĂšres courts, un niveau de stress oxydant Ă©levĂ© et une plus grande rigiditĂ© artĂ©rielle. Nous avons montrĂ© que le sel et l'aldostĂ©rone pouvaient exercer un rĂŽle majeur dans l'accĂ©lĂ©ration du vieillissement artĂ©riel. Au plan gĂ©nĂ©tique nous avons dĂ©montrĂ© que l'augmentation de la rigiditĂ© artĂ©rielle avec l'Ăąge et les paramĂštres du couplage ventriculoaortique (vitesse d'onde de pouls, fraction d'Ă©jection ventriculaire) Ă©taient dĂ©pendant de la prĂ©sence de l'allĂšle C du gĂšne de l'aldostĂ©rone synthĂ©tase CYP11 82 chez le sujet hypertendu. Chez le rat uninĂ©phrectomisĂ©, nous avons Ă©tabli que l'administration d'aldostĂ©rone et de sel pouvait Ă©galement affecter la fonction et la structure de la macro- et la microcirculation (pression artĂ©rielle systolique, pression pulsĂ©e, vasodilatation au flux endothĂ©lium dĂ©pendante, tonus myogĂ©nique, production de NO) et ainsi, accĂ©lĂ©rer le vieillissement artĂ©riel par des mĂ©canismes impliquant le stress oxydant et l'inflammation. Enfin, nous avons montrĂ© que l'administration prĂ©coce d'un rĂ©gime riche en sel chez le rat SHR est associĂ©e Ăš une rigiditĂ© artĂ©rielle accrue et une plus grande mortalitĂ© cardiovasculaire pouvant ĂȘtre prĂ©venue par un inhibiteur des rĂ©cepteurs AT1 de l'angiotensine Il.[RĂ©sumĂ© en anglais] Cellular senescence occurs in response to telomere shortening and increasing oxidative stress. If chronological age contributes to worsening aging, genetic and environmental factors could have an impact on the onset of age-related changes. We studied contribution of oxidative stress and aldosterone and salt effects on arterial wall in accelerated aging in experimental and clinical studies. We showed that in vivo chronic oxidative stress could shorten telomeres in mice with a tissue specificity which suggests premature senescence. We specified relationships between oxidative stress, cellular senescence and cardiovascular aging in clinical studies showing that microalbuminuria of type 2 diabetes was associated with accelerated telomere attrition, nitrosative stress and arterial stiffness. We proved that salt and aldosterone could play a major role in the early onset of aging or accelerated aging. We showed significant gene-related differences involving the CC and TC genotypes of aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2 in age-related changes in blood pressure, arterial stiffness and stroke volume in systolic hypertensive subjects. ln uninephrectomized rat, we demonstrated that aldosterone and salt administration could affect macro- and microcirculation towards aging phenotype (systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, myogenic tone, endothelial dysfunction) via mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, we demonstrated that early high salt diet in SHR rat was associated with a high mortality, an increase of arterial stiffness and a protective action of angiotensin Il receptor antagonists that increased longevity.NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Effets d'une déplétion chronique en glutathion sur la longueur des télomÚres et la paroi artérielle chez la souris CAST/Ei

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    La taille des télomÚres est un marqueur de la réplication des cellules somatiques. Leur raccourcissement est fortement lié au stress oxydant qui est au centre de la théorie du vieillissement cardiovasculaire (CV). L'objectif de ce travail a été de mettre au point un modÚle murin de vieillissement artériel accéléré par déplétion chronique en glutathion en utilisant la buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) afin d'étudier la relation entre le vieillissement artériel et la longueur des télomÚres dans plusieurs tissus. L'administration de BSO chez la souris CAST/Ei, caractérisée par des télomÚres courts, a induit un stress oxydant systémique et un raccourcissement des télomÚres suggérant un vieillissement. L'absence de fibrose et de rigidité CV n'est pas en faveur d'un vieillissement artériel accéléré dans nos conditions expérimentales. Ces résultats suggÚrent que le stress oxydant induit par une déplétion en glutathion chez la souris est insuffisant pour créer un vieillissement artériel accéléré.CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Pixantrone: novel mode of action and clinical readouts

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    <p><b>Introduction</b>: Pixantrone is a first-in-class aza-anthracenedione approved as monotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), a patient group which is notoriously difficult to treat. It has a unique chemical structure and pharmacologic properties distinguishing it from anthracyclines and anthracenediones.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: The chemical structure and mode of action of pixantrone versus doxorubicin and mitoxantrone; preclinical evidence for pixantrone’s therapeutic effect and cardiac tolerability; efficacy and safety of pixantrone in clinical trials; ongoing and completed trials of pixantrone alone or as combination therapy; and the risk of cardiotoxicity of pixantrone versus doxorubicin and mitoxantrone.</p> <p><b>Expert commentary</b>: Currently, pixantrone is the only approved therapy for multiply relapsed or refractory NHL, an area with few available effective treatment options. Pixantrone is currently being investigated as combination therapy with other drugs including several targeted therapies, with the ultimate goal of improved survival in heavily pretreated patients. In order for pixantrone to be acknowledged in the treatment of aggressive NHL, the perception of pixantrone as an anthracycline-like agent that has anthracycline-like activity and cardiotoxicity needs to be changed. Further data from ongoing clinical trials will help in confirming pixantrone as an effective and safe option.</p

    Activated protein C improves LPS-induced cardiovascular dysfunction by decreasing tissular inflammation and oxidative stress.

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    International audienceBACKGROUND:: Recombinant human activated Protein C (APC) is used as an adjunctive therapeutic treatment in septic shock. APC seemingly acts on coagulation-inflammation interaction but also by decreasing proinflammatory gene activity, thus inhibiting subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines, NO and NO-induced mediators, reactive oxygen species production and leukocyte-endothelium interaction. The hemodynamic effects of APC on arterial pressure and cardiac function are now well established in animal models. However, the specific effects of APC on heart and vessels have never been studied. OBJECTIVES:: To investigate the potential protective properties of therapeutic ranges of APC on a rat endotoxic shock model in terms of anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective pathways. DESIGN:: Laboratory investigation. SETTING:: University medical center research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS:: Rats were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/Kg iv.). Endotoxic shock was treated with infusion of saline with or without APC (33 mug/kg/h) during 4 hrs. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously assessed and measurements of muscle oxygen partial pressures, NO and superoxide anion (O2) by spin trapping, of NF-kappaB, metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by Western blotting, as well as leukocyte infiltration and MMP-9 activity were performed at both the heart and aorta level (tissue). MAIN RESULTS:: APC partially prevented the reduction of blood pressure induced by LPS and improved both vascular hyporeactivity and myocardial performance. This was associated with a decreased up-regulation of NF-kappaB, iNOS and MMP-9. LPS-induced tissue increases in NO and O2 production were decreased by APC. Furthermore, APC decreased tissue leukocyte infiltration/activation as assessed by a decrease in myeloperoxydase and matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity. CONCLUSIONS:: These data suggest that APC improves cardiovascular function i) by modulating the endotoxin induced-proinflammatory/prooxydant state, ii) by decreasing endothelial/leukocyte interaction and iii) by favoring stabilization of the extracellular matrix.</p
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