Deception across pitch zones and team scores.

<p>Dive use by soccer players is expressed as (A) the mean proportion of total falls per match that were dives; (B) the mean frequency of dives per match across pitch zones (corrected for spatial area) ordered by increasing distance from the defensive goal (see insert); and, (C) the mean frequency of dives per match that were signalled when the player was winning, losing or drawing. Standard error bars are presented (<i>n</i> = 60). Asterisks denote significant differences based on post-hoc Tukey-Kramer HSD (<i>P</i><0.05; **<i>P</i><0.01; ***<i>P</i><0.001).</p

Detection of deception across leagues.

<p>(A) The mean proportion of total dives that were rewarded by the referee with a free-kick and the mean dive frequency of 10 matches in each league (<i>n</i> = 6). (B) Separated in to dives or tackles, the mean proportion that were rewarded by the referee across matches (<i>n</i> = 10) within each league. Leagues (A – F) are not identified due to ethical considerations. Standard error bars are presented. Black solid line indicates R² however Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho_, was used to calculate significance. Asterisks denote significant differences based on Paired-Wilcoxen signed rank tests (<i>P</i><0.05; **<i>P</i><0.01; ***<i>P</i><0.001).</p