Knowledge of causes, prevention, and treatment of diarrhea and cholera in areas targeted and not targeted for OCV vaccination.

<p>Solomon Islands, 2012.</p

Reported and observed water source, storage, and handling practices of an adult household member in areas targeted and not targeted for oral cholera vaccination.

<p>Solomon Islands, 2012.</p

Map of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands [2].

<p>Map of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004937#pntd.0004937.ref002" target="_blank">2</a>].</p

Trends in childhood diarrhea deaths and admissions in Brazil.

<p>Each analysis examines trends from 2002–2009, by age, including comparison of observed events (blue dots) after rotavirus vaccination (2007 to 2009) in Brazil with expected events (solid line) and 95% CIs (gray shaded area) in the absence of vaccination. Expected number of events and 95% CIs are based on predictions from regression models fitted to historic data from each region (2002 to 2005).</p

Impact of rotavirus vaccination on monthly events of childhood diarrhea deaths in Brazil by region.

<p>Each analysis compares the monthly observed events among children under 5 y after rotavirus vaccination (2007 to 2009) with expected events in the absence of vaccination, by region. Expected number of events and 95% CIs are based on predictions from regression models fitted to historic data from each region (2002 to 2005).</p

Basic demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators in Brazil, by region.

a<p>The HDI is a summary index that ranges from 0 (lowest) to 1 (highest), composed of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate, school enrollment rate, and per capita gross domestic product. The index is produced by the United Nations Development Program. HDIs for Brazilian regions were last published in 2005 <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001024#pmed.1001024-United1" target="_blank">[29]</a>.</p>b<p>Source: Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001024#pmed.1001024-Brazilian2" target="_blank">[33]</a>.</p>c<p>Health Indicator and Basic Data in Brazil (IDB) <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001024#pmed.1001024-REDE1" target="_blank">[32]</a>. The <5-y mortality per 1,000 live births denotes the probability of dying between age 0 and 5 y per 1,000 live births.</p>d<p>Vaccination coverage estimated based on number of second doses of rotavirus vaccine administered divided by the estimated population <1 y of age. Source: National Immunization Program, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001024#pmed.1001024-Brazilian1" target="_blank">[31]</a>.</p

Change in diarrhea mortality and admission rates after vaccination by year and region.

<p>The maps depict the percent change in observed rates of diarrhea mortality and admission after rotavirus vaccination in Brazil compared to expected rates without a vaccination program, by year and region. Expected numbers of events are based on predictions from regression models fitted to historic data from each region (2002 to 2005). The percent declines are computed as one minus the RR of diarrhea events post-vaccine compared to the pre-vaccine era from Poisson regression models, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends.</p

Impact of rotavirus vaccination on monthly events of diarrhea admissions in Brazil by region.

<p>Each analysis compares the monthly observed events among children under 5 y after rotavirus vaccination (2007 to 2009) with expected events in the absence of vaccination, by region. Expected number of events and 95% CIs are based on predictions from regression models fitted to historic data from each region (2002 to 2005).</p

Changes in number and rates of hospital admissions for diarrhea due to all causes among children <5 y by December, 2009, Brazil.

a<p>Observed number of hospital admissions are annual means for 2007–2009; observed rates are estimated annual rates for 2007–2009 from the regression model.</p>b<p>Expected in the absence of vaccination on the basis of 2002–2005 data, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends.</p>c<p>Calculated as 1 − RR of diarrhea deaths post-vaccine compared to the pre-vaccine era from Poisson regression models, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends.</p