And , , and expressions were measured by 60-mer oligoarrays (NimbleGen) using RNA extracted from mycorrhiza, mycelia and fruiting bodies (carpophores)

, , and expressions were calculated relative to the transcripts levels of the constitutively expressed gene (LACBI1_192615). Each data point is the mean between values of two biological replicates and a third value corresponding to the mean of two biological replicates. Standard deviation is indicated by error bars. is constitutively expressed in all tissues, transcripts are barely detectable in comparison to , and transcripts that are expressed in all tissues. is strongly expressed in mycorrhiza and mycelia whereas and are up-expressed in fruiting bodies and in mycorrhiza, respectively.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Fungi have three tetraspanin families with distinct functions"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/63</p><p>BMC Genomics 2008;9():63-63.</p><p>Published online 3 Feb 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2278132.</p><p></p

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

<div><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their wide host ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding the complexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in mating behaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and two strains of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungal genomes is provided here. Their 38–39 Mb genomes include 11,860–14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acid identity on average between the two species. We have mapped the <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> assembly to 16 chromosomes and found large-scale co-linearity with the <i>B. cinerea</i> genomes. Seven percent of the <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> genome comprises transposable elements compared to <1% of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The arsenal of genes associated with necrotrophic processes is similar between the species, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and oxalic acid production. Analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters revealed an expansion in number and diversity of <i>B. cinerea</i>–specific secondary metabolites relative to <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. The potential diversity in secondary metabolism might be involved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systems between <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and <i>B. cinerea</i>. The organization of the mating-type loci differs, and their structures provide evidence for the evolution of heterothallism from homothallism. These data shed light on the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating. This resource should facilitate the functional studies designed to better understand what makes these fungi such successful and persistent pathogens of agronomic crops.</p></div