Publisher Correction: Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology

Correction de l'article DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46118-

Obesity in French Inmates: Gender Differences and Relationship with Mood, Eating Behavior and Physical Activity

CONTEXT: Inmates, notably women, are at greater risk for obesity and metabolic complications than the general population according to several studies from high income countries. Data regarding French correctional institutions are lacking so far. To fill this gap, we have assessed in a sample from a French prison (33 females and 18 males) the gender-specific effect of incarceration on weight and body mass index (BMI) and examined their current metabolic status. Furthermore, to reveal the possible determinants of increased obesity, we analyzed emotional vulnerability, eating behavior and physical activity using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: In this sample, obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) was already frequent in women (18.2%) but rather scarce for men (11%) at prison entry. Incarceration worsened the rate of obesity in both genders (21.2% and 16.7% respectively). At the time of study, abdominal obesity estimated through waist circumference was particularly prevalent in women (69.7%) versus men (27.8%) and metabolic syndrome was detected in 33% of female against none in male inmates. Abdominal obesity was associated with female sex (p<0.03), low physical activity (p<0.05) and eating disorder (p = 0.07) in univariate analyses. Low physical activity remained significant as an explanatory factor of higher abdominal obesity in multivariate analysis. A marked difference between genders was found for practice of physical activity with a higher proportion of women compared to men being inactive (37.9% vs. 11.8%) and fewer women being very active (17.2% vs. 41.2%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that a significant proportion of women of this correctional institution combined established obesity, a metabolic syndrome and very little practice of physical activity which put them at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Thus, obesity should be better surveyed and treated in prison, especially for female inmates. Increased physical activity, adapted to obese women, would be the first mean to decrease obesity and gender differences

Regards sur quarante ans d’éducation prioritaire

Dans cet entretien avec l’historienne Anne-Marie Chartier, Catherine Moisan revient sur son parcours professionnel, depuis sa participation au cabinet d’Alain Savary jusqu’à la Direction de l’évaluation, de la prospective et de la performance (DEPP) au ministère de l’Éducation nationale. Les temps forts de sa carrière en lien avec l’éducation prioritaire sont contextualisés et analysés. Quatre grands axes structurent cet entretien : les temps forts de pilotage et la gestion du dossier dans les cabinets Savary, Jospin et Royal, les obstacles rencontrés, la stratégie ; les missions et l’influence des inspections générales sur les processus décisionnels ; le rôle de la DEPP et la diffusion des connaissances auprès des politiques et des acteurs de terrain ; l’influence des travaux de recherche, essentiellement sociologiques, sur les priorités et les décisions des ministres.In this interview with the historian Anne-Marie Chartier, Catherine Moisan looks back on her professional career, from her participation in Alain Savary's cabinet to the Directorate of Evaluation, Forecasting and Performance (in French: DEPP). The highlights of her career in relation to priority education are contextualised and analysed. The interview is structured along four main axes: the key moments of steering and management of the dossier in the Savary, Jospin and Royal cabinets, the obstacles encountered, the strategy ; the missions and influence of the “Inspection general“ on the decision-making process; the role of the DEPP and the dissemination of knowledge to politicians and field actors; the influence of research work, essentially sociological, on the priorities and decisions of ministers

Dynamic Expression of the Homeobox Factor PBX1 during Mouse Testis Development

Members of the pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX) family of homeoproteins are mainly known for their involvement in hematopoietic cell differentiation and in the development of leukemia. The four PBX proteins, PBX1, PBX2, PBX3 and PBX4, belong to the three amino acid loop extension (TALE) superfamily of homeoproteins which are important transcriptional cofactors in several developmental processes involving homeobox (HOX) factors. Mutations in the human PBX1 gene are responsible for cases of gonadal dysgenesis with absence of male sex differentiation while Pbx1 inactivation in the mouse causes a failure in Leydig cell differentiation and function. However, no data is available regarding the expression profile of this transcription factor in the testis. To fill this knowledge gap, we have characterized PBX1 expression during mouse testicular development. Real time PCRs and Western blots confirmed the presence Pbx1 mRNA and PBX1 protein in different Leydig and Sertoli cell lines. The cellular localization of the PBX1 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on mouse testis sections at different embryonic and postnatal developmental stages. PBX1 was detected in interstitial cells and in peritubular myoid cells from embryonic life until puberty. Most interstitial cells expressing PBX1 do not express the Leydig cell marker CYP17A1, indicating that they are not differentiated and steroidogenically active Leydig cells. In adults, PBX1 was mainly detected in Sertoli cells. The presence of PBX1 in different somatic cell populations during testicular development further supports a direct role for this transcription factor in testis cell differentiation and in male reproductive function

Dynamic Expression of the Homeobox Factor PBX1 during Mouse Testis Development

Members of the pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX) family of homeoproteins are mainly known for their involvement in hematopoietic cell differentiation and in the development of leukemia. The four PBX proteins, PBX1, PBX2, PBX3 and PBX4, belong to the three amino acid loop extension (TALE) superfamily of homeoproteins which are important transcriptional cofactors in several developmental processes involving homeobox (HOX) factors. Mutations in the human PBX1 gene are responsible for cases of gonadal dysgenesis with absence of male sex differentiation while Pbx1 inactivation in the mouse causes a failure in Leydig cell differentiation and function. However, no data is available regarding the expression profile of this transcription factor in the testis. To fill this knowledge gap, we have characterized PBX1 expression during mouse testicular development. Real time PCRs and Western blots confirmed the presence Pbx1 mRNA and PBX1 protein in different Leydig and Sertoli cell lines. The cellular localization of the PBX1 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence on mouse testis sections at different embryonic and postnatal developmental stages. PBX1 was detected in interstitial cells and in peritubular myoid cells from embryonic life until puberty. Most interstitial cells expressing PBX1 do not express the Leydig cell marker CYP17A1, indicating that they are not differentiated and steroidogenically active Leydig cells. In adults, PBX1 was mainly detected in Sertoli cells. The presence of PBX1 in different somatic cell populations during testicular development further supports a direct role for this transcription factor in testis cell differentiation and in male reproductive function

N° 45 — Catherine MOISAN

Moisan Catherine, Lepagnot-Leca Françoise, Frank Marie-Thérèse. N° 45 — Catherine MOISAN. In: Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation depuis la Libération. Tome 2 - Inventaire de soixante-six entretiens. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2000. p. 130. (Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation, 1

N° 45 — Catherine MOISAN

Moisan Catherine, Lepagnot-Leca Françoise, Frank Marie-Thérèse. N° 45 — Catherine MOISAN. In: Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation depuis la Libération. Tome 2 - Inventaire de soixante-six entretiens. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 2000. p. 130. (Témoins et acteurs des politiques de l'éducation, 1

Detection of Azadinium poporum in New Zealand: the use of molecular tools to assist with species isolation

A real-time PCR assay for the detection of species from the genera Azadinium and Amphidoma (family Amphidomataceae) was developed in order to screen field samples and to aid in the isolation of azaspiracid (AZA)- producing dinoflagellates. The assay was highly specific and sensitive and allowed the rapid detection of target species. Samples collected as part of the New Zealand Marine Phytoplankton Monitoring Programme were analysed using the Amphidomataceae real-time PCR assay. Azadinium poporum was detected in New Zealand for the first time, and a culture was successfully established. Extracts of this isolate proved to be of low toxicity to mice and did not contain AZA-1, -2 or -3. Field samples will continue to be screened with the aim of identifying AZAproducing species. The Amphidomataceae real-time PCR assay will be a useful tool for monitoring programmes and taxonomic surveys worldwide

Levels and trends of synthetic musks in marine bivalves from French coastal areas

The levels and trends of four bioaccumulative synthetic musks (galaxolide - HHCB, tonalide - AHTN, musk xylene - MX and musk ketone - MK) were investigated in filter-feeding bivalves collected yearly since 2010 at sites of contrasted pressure along the French coasts. Quantification rates were high for all 4 compounds (85-99%), indicating their geographical and temporal extensive occurrence in the French coastal environment. The polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN prevailed, with median concentrations of 2.27 ng g-1 dw and of 0.724 ng g-1 dw, whilst nitromusks were found 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower. These levels were in the high range of those encountered for various other CEC families at the same sites and comparable to those from other locations on European coasts. Unlike for the other musks, the accumulation of HHCB was evidenced to be species-specific, with significantly lower levels found in oysters in comparison with mussels, possibly suggesting a higher metabolization in oysters. Geographical differences in musk distribution highlighted the sites under strong anthropogenic pressures and these differences were found to be consistent between years. The HHCB/AHTN ratio proved to be discriminant to explain the relative occurrence of polycyclic musks. The 8-year time series showed that only the now-banned compound MX displayed a significant decrease in most sites, whilst stable concentrations of the other musks suggested consistency in their usage over the last decade. These results provide reference data for future studies of the occurrence of personal care products on European coasts

Cracked and shucked: GC-APCI-IMS-HRMS facilitates identification of unknown halogenated organic chemicals in French marine bivalves

High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based non-target analysis coupled with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is gaining momentum due to its ability to provide complementary information which can be useful in the identification of unknown organic chemicals in support of efforts in unraveling the complexity of the chemical exposome. The chemical exposome in the marine environment, though not as well studied as its freshwater counterparts, is not foreign to chemical diversity specially when it comes to potentially bioaccumulative and bioactive polyhalogenated organic contaminants and natural products. In this work we present in detail how we utilized IMS-HRMS coupled with gas chromatographic separation and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to annotate polyhalogenated organic chemicals in French bivalves collected from 25 sites along the French coasts. We describe how we used open cheminformatic tools to exploit isotopologue patterns, isotope ratios, Kendrick mass defect (Cl scale), and collisional cross section (CCS), in order to annotate 157 halogenated features (level 1: 54, level 2: 47, level 3: 50, and level 4: 6). Grouping the features into 11 compound classes was facilitated by a KMD vs CCS plot which showed co-clustering of potentially structurally-related compounds. The features were semi-quantified to gain insight into the distribution of these halogenated features along the French coast, ultimately allowing us to differentiate between sites that are more anthropologically impacted versus sites that are potentially biodiverse