User's perspectives of barriers and facilitators to implementing quality colonoscopy services in Canada: a study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a serious and growing health problem in Canada. Colonoscopy is used for screening and diagnosis of symptomatic or high CRC risk individuals. Although a number of countries are now implementing quality colonoscopy services, knowledge synthesis of barriers and facilitators perceived by healthcare professionals and patients during implementation has not been carried out. In addition, the perspectives of various stakeholders towards the implementation of quality colonoscopy services and the need of an efficient organisation of such services have been reported in the literature but have not been synthesised yet. The present study aims to produce a comprehensive synthesis of actual knowledge on the barriers and facilitators perceived by all stakeholders to the implementation of quality colonoscopy services in Canada.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>First, we will conduct a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and other published documentation on the barriers and facilitators to implementing quality colonoscopy services. Standardised literature searches and data extraction methods will be used. The quality of the studies and their relevance to informing decisions on colonoscopy services implementation will be assessed. For each group of users identified, barriers and facilitators will be categorised and compiled using narrative synthesis and meta-analytical techniques. The principle factors identified for each group of users will then be validated for its applicability to various Canadian contexts using the Delphi study method. Following this study, a set of strategies will be identified to inform decision makers involved in the implementation of quality colonoscopy services across Canadian jurisdictions.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will be the first to systematically summarise the barriers and facilitators to implementation of quality colonoscopy services perceived by different groups and to consider the local contexts in order to ensure the applicability of this knowledge to the particular realities of various Canadian jurisdictions. Linkages with strategic partners and decision makers in the realisation of this project will favour the utilisation of its results to support strategies for implementing quality colonoscopy services and CRC screening programs in the Canadian health system.</p

Adaptation in Bacillus cereus: from stress to disease

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that causes diarrheal disease in humans. After ingestion B. cereus experiences in the human gastro-intestinal tract abiotic physical variables encountered in food, such as acidic pH in the stomach and changing oxygen conditions in the human intestine. B. cereus responds to environmental changing conditions (stress) by reversibly adjusting its physiology to maximize resource utilization while maintaining structural and genetic integrity by repairing and minimizing damage to cellular infrastructure. As reviewed in this article, B. cereus adapts to acidic pH and changing oxygen conditions through diverse regulatory mechanisms and then exploits its metabolic flexibility to grow and produce enterotoxins. We then focus on the intricate link between metabolism, redox homeostasis and enterotoxins, which are recognized as important contributors of food-borne disease

Development of a solid-phase traceless-Ugi multicomponent reaction for backbone anchoring and cyclic peptide synthesis

A new one-pot methodology to anchor peptides by their backbone to a solid support using an isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction is described. The approach uses a microwave-assisted Ugi four-component reaction to simultaneously condense and bind an N-protected amino acid and an amino ester to a supported aldehyde. Afterward, the generated backbone anchored dipeptide can be used in solid-phase peptide synthesis to prepare head-to-tail cyclic peptides. Moreover, we also show that peptide fragment ligation can be performed with the described one-pot anchoring. The backbone anchored peptides can be efficiently released from the resin by microwave-assisted acidolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. This straightforward one-pot anchoring approach was also applied to condense fragments and prepare a variety of linear and macrocyclic peptides

“Preuves de concept (POC) génératives” : conception et expérimentation innovante pour mieux prendre soin

Cet article a été publié dans la Newsletter n°9 - Juillet 2020 de l'Institut interdisciplinaire de l'innovation. Cet article a été rédigé sur la base d’une présentation faite par Caroline Jobin (en thèse entre le Centre de Gestion Scientifique de l'Ecole des Mines de Paris - Université PSL et l'agence de design les Sismo, en partenariat avec la Chaire de philosophie à l'hôpital) et Frédéric Lecourt (designer et co-fondateur des Sismo) à Station F le 27 février 2020 aux équipes de la sous-direction à l'innovation de la Direction Générale des Entreprises de Bercy et de l'équipe de la Mission French Tech

Improving load signal and fatigue life estimation for helicopter components using computational intelligence techniques

The accurate estimation of helicopter component loads is an important factor in life cycle management and life extension efforts. This chapter explores continued efforts to utilize a number of computational intelligence algorithms, statistical and machine learning techniques, such as artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy sets, residual variance analysis, and others, to estimate some of these helicopter dynamic loads. For load prediction using indirect computational methods to be practical and accepted, demonstrating slight over-prediction of these loads is preferable to ensure that the impact of the actual load cycles is captured by the prediction and to incorporate a factor of safety. Subsequent calculation of the component\u2019s fatigue life can verify the slight over-prediction of the load signal. This chapter examines a number of techniques for encouraging slight over-prediction and favoring a conservative estimate for these loads. Estimates for the main rotor normal bending on the Australian S-70-A-9 Black Hawk helicopter during a left rolling pullout at 1.5 g manoeuvre were generated from an input set consisting of thirty standard flight state and control system parameters. The results of this work show that when using a combination of these techniques, a reduction in under-prediction and increase in over-prediction can be achieved. In addition to load signal estimation, the component\u2019s fatigue life and load exceedances can be estimated from the predicted load signal. In helicopter life cycle management, these metrics are more useful performance measures (as opposed to mean squared error or correlation of the load signal), therefore this chapter describes the process followed to calculate these measures from the load signal using Rainflow counting, material specific fatigue data (S-N curves), and damage theory. An evaluation of the proposed techniques based on the fatigue life estimates and/or load exceedances is also made.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Le travail de collaboration des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs : première phase de validation d'un modèle

La collaboration interprofessionnelle est l’un des défis les plus importants que rencontrent les équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs dans leurs activités cliniques. Pour offrir un soin de qualité au patient et à sa famille, il apparaît primordial que les équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs puissent s’adapter aux besoins des autres professionnels du terrain. Une conceptualisation en trois différents modes d’intervention des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs (consultation pure, partenariat, suppléance) a été développée en Suisse romande et retenue à titre de modèle de l’activité. Une recherche visant à évaluer l’impact de l’intervention des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs auprès des soignants de première ligne et des patients a été initiée. La première étape de cette étude est présentée dans cet article

Le travail de collaboration des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs : première phase de validation d’un modèle

La collaboration interprofessionnelle est l’un des défis les plus importants que rencontrent les équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs dans leurs activités cliniques. Pour offrir un soin de qualité au patient et à sa famille, il apparaît primordial que les équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs puissent s’adapter aux besoins des autres professionnels du terrain. Une conceptualisation en trois différents modes d’intervention des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs (consultation pure, partenariat, suppléance) a été développée en Suisse romande et retenue à titre de modèle de l’activité. Une recherche visant à évaluer l’impact de l’intervention des équipes mobiles de soins palliatifs auprès des soignants de première ligne et des patients a été initiée. La première étape de cette étude est présentée dans cet article

Toll-Like Receptor 9-Dependent Macrophage Activation by Entamoeba histolytica DNA▿

Activation of the innate immune system by bacterial DNA and DNA of other invertebrates represents a pathogen recognition mechanism. In this study we investigated macrophage responses to DNA from the intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. E. histolytica genomic DNA was purified from log-phase trophozoites and tested with the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. RAW cells treated with E. histolytica DNA demonstrated an increase in levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and protein production. TNF-α production was blocked by pretreatment with chloroquine or monensin. In fact, an NF-κB luciferase reporter assay in HEK cells transfected with human TLR9 demonstrated that E. histolytica DNA signaled through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in a manner similar to that seen with CpG-ODN. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed NF-κB activation in RAW cells, as seen by nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. Western blot analysis demonstrated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by E. histolytica DNA. E. histolytica DNA effects were abolished in MYD88−/− mouse-derived macrophages. In the context of disease, immunization with E. histolytica DNA protected gerbils from an E. histolytica challenge infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that E. histolytica DNA is recognized by TLR9 to activate macrophages and may provide an innate defense mechanism characterized by the induction of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α

Methanogenesis control in bioelectrochemical systems: A carbon footprint reduction assessment

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