Consort Diagram.

<p>Consort Diagram.</p

Zambia Map No.

<p>Zambia Map No.</p

Factors associated with abandonment or non-initiation of treatment: Proximate residence, HIV status, and maternal education as predictors in a multivariable model.

<p>N = 162.</p

Factors Associated with Abandonment of Treatment (Unadjusted Analysis). Residence, HIV status and maternal education used in model.

<p>Factors Associated with Abandonment of Treatment (Unadjusted Analysis). Residence, HIV status and maternal education used in model.</p

Cohort Characteristics for 162 children with cancer seen at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia^*.

<p>*For selected sociodemographic characteristics, sample size is <162 due to missing data. P-values calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables (age, time of symptoms) or Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests (categorical variables) as appropriate. P-values for all categorical comparisons compare children whose cancer treatment was active at the time of the study or was completed vs. children died during therapy vs. abandoned treatment.</p

Schematic of the density-based tests to identify SCD.

<p>Both versions of the SCD-AMPS are designed to separate dense red blood cells present in SCD from whole blood. Blood passes through the phases—top (T) and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-2 and top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-3—upon centrifugation. If sickled cells are present, they collect at the interface between the bottom phase and the seal (<i>B/S</i>), and provide a visual readout for the presence of SCD. In SCD-AMPS-3, the additional phase allows the discrimination of Hb SS from Hb SC by evaluating the distribution of red cells at the upper interfaces (between the top and middle phases (<i>T/M</i>) and the middle and bottom phases (<i>M/B</i>).</p

The sensitivity and specificity of SCD-AMPS as a function of the amount of time between collecting samples and running tests.

<p>The specificity shows a decline over each 24 hour increment, with a significant decline over 48 hours (p-value <0.0005). The sensitivity increased between the first and second time interval, but then decreased between the second and third interval (p-values <0.01). The sample size used for each time interval is provided below each bar.</p

Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.

<p>*Samples found to have>50% Hb S but non-zero levels of Hb A, potentially a result of Hb S with β-thalassemia or a transfused Hb SS subject.</p><p>Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.</p

Equipment for the SCD-AMPS rapid test.

<p>All the equipment necessary to run the rapid test in a rural clinic fits inside a backpack and were evaluated at rural health centers in Zambia.</p

Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.

<p>Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.</p