Spontaneous gastric rupture in a 22-month-old boy: Case report and review of the literature: The diagnostic work up and management of a rare pediatric emergency

AbstractWe report the case of 22-month-old boy who sustained spontaneous gastric rupture. The patient had an episode of nausea and vomiting after a large meal the day before admission to our emergency ward. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed free and corpuscolate fluid in the abdomen. Abdominal X-ray showed free air in the abdominal cavity, leading to diagnosis of gastrointestinal perforation. Blood examination revealed metabolic acidosis. An emergency laparotomy detected a wide perforation of gastric wall involving fundus and greater curvature. A sleeve gastrectomy was performed with two layers closure of abdominal wall. Idiopathic gastric rupture, beyond neonatal period, is extremely rare in childhood. Early diagnosis and surgery are mandatory to avoid fatal complications

Circulating miRNAs as a Tool for Early Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer-Implications for the Fertility-Sparing Process: Clinical, Biological, and Legal Aspects

This review article explores the possibility of developing an integrated approach to the management of the different needs of endometrial cancer (EC) patients seeking to become pregnant. Life preservation of the woman, health preservation of the baby, a precocious and-as much as possible-minimally invasive characterization of the health and fertility parameters of the patient, together with the concerns regarding the obstetric, neonatal, and adult health risks of the children conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are all essential aspects of the problem to be taken into consideration, yet the possibility to harmonize such needs through a concerted and integrated approach is still very challenging. This review aims to illustrate the main features of EC and how it affects the normal physiology of pre-menopausal women. We also focus on the prospect of a miR-based, molecular evaluation of patient health status, including both EC early diagnosis and staging and, similarly, the receptivity of the woman, discussing the possible evaluation of both aspects using a single specific panel of circulating miRs in the patient, thus allowing a relatively fast, non-invasive testing with a significantly reduced margin of error. Finally, the ethical and legal/regulatory aspects of such innovative techniques require not only a risk-benefit analysis; respect for patient autonomy and equitable health care access allocation are fundamental issues as well

Circulating miRNAs as a Tool for Early Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer—Implications for the Fertility-Sparing Process: Clinical, Biological, and Legal Aspects

This review article explores the possibility of developing an integrated approach to the management of the different needs of endometrial cancer (EC) patients seeking to become pregnant. Life preservation of the woman, health preservation of the baby, a precocious and—as much as possible—minimally invasive characterization of the health and fertility parameters of the patient, together with the concerns regarding the obstetric, neonatal, and adult health risks of the children conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are all essential aspects of the problem to be taken into consideration, yet the possibility to harmonize such needs through a concerted and integrated approach is still very challenging. This review aims to illustrate the main features of EC and how it affects the normal physiology of pre-menopausal women. We also focus on the prospect of a miR-based, molecular evaluation of patient health status, including both EC early diagnosis and staging and, similarly, the receptivity of the woman, discussing the possible evaluation of both aspects using a single specific panel of circulating miRs in the patient, thus allowing a relatively fast, non-invasive testing with a significantly reduced margin of error. Finally, the ethical and legal/regulatory aspects of such innovative techniques require not only a risk-benefit analysis; respect for patient autonomy and equitable health care access allocation are fundamental issues as well

Wandering Spleen and Organoaxial Gastric Volvulus after Morgagni Hernia Repair: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Wandering spleen and gastric volvulus are two rare entities that have been described in association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The diagnosis is difficult and any delay can result in ischemia and necrosis of both organs. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl, previously operated on for anterior diaphragmatic hernia and intrathoracic gastric volvulus, that presented to our service for a subdiaphragmatic gastric volvulus recurrence associated with a wandering spleen. In this report we reviewed the literature, analyzing the clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, and treatment options of both conditions, in particular in the case associated with diaphragmatic hernia

Current and emerging strategies in bladder cancer

Urothelial cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. The standard of care, intravesical chemo- and immunotherapy, while effective, is associated with a considerable side-effect profile and approximately 30% of patients either fail to respond to treatment or suffer recurrent disease within 5 years. In the setting of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with overall survival benefit. Muscle invasive bladder cancer is life threatening, showing modest chemosensitivity, and usually requires radical cystectomy. Although bladder cancer is fairly well-genetically characterized, clinical trials with molecularly targeted agents have, in comparison to other solid tumors, been few in number and largely unsuccessful. Hence, bladder cancer represents a considerable opportunity and challenge for alternative therapies. In this review, we will focus on promising global or pathway-based approaches (epigenetic modulators, kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis blockage, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists, apoptosis inductors, virus therapy) supported by a deeper understanding of molecular biology of urothelial carcinoma, which have been recently tested in clinical trials. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers

Urethral pseudodiverticulum secondary to penile fracture and complete urethra dissection

A 22-year-old man reported cracking sound and acute pain during sexual intercourse followed by rapid penile detumescence and ecchymosis. He experienced more pain because he could not urinate and had a palpably full bladder. Moreover, his urethra was bleeding. Physical examination revealed swollen, ecchymotic and deviated penis and penis ultrasonography showed an injury of the tunica albuginea and Buck's fascia with an expanding hematoma. Suprapubic catheter was positioned. Surgical exploration revealed a tear of tunica albuginea of both corpora cavernosa and complete urethral dissection. End-to-end urethral anastomosis and suture of corpora cavernosa lesion were performed. Vescical catheter was mantained for 6 days and suprapubic catheter for 3 months to allow a complete urethral healing. A pseudodiverticulum was found at anastomosis level on the urethrocistography 1 month after surgery. It disappeared by allowing micturition via the suprapubic catheter. The patient presented regular urinary flow and physiological erections 30 days later. In our experience, prompt surgical repair preserved erectile function and keeping the suprapubic catheter protected the urethra; this was the correct management for repairing the urethral lesion. © 2013 Canadian Urological Association

Lipofilling outcomes mimicking breast cancer recurrence. Case report and update of the literature

Breast [ipofilling uses autologous fat grqfling m correct breast defects afier radical m' conservative surgery. After early concern; regarding its application in reconstruction afire breast cancer (BC), in 2009 rhe American Society of Plastic Surgeons forrned a task force to assess the indications, safety and efficacy af autologous graft fat grafting. We report the case of a woman who came to our attention for a painful swelling off the left breast. She had undergone breast-comeruing therapy far BC, followed by Îipofilling. The breast ultrasound ( US) examinatian showed diffuse structural alteration and multiple ipohecoic areas with acoustic shadowing, mainly localized in the subcutaneaus tissue. Afier pharnacological treatment and short term follow-up US examination, considering the persistence of rhe clinical symptoms and structural alteration we performed contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, thai showed multiple enhancing areas in the left breast. Suspecting local rumor recurrence, we carried out US-guided breast core—biopsy, whose histological examination documented liponecrosis. This observation raised a series of diagnostic and therapeutic issues highlighting the diagnostic pirfalls that the radiologist may encounter during the evaluation of patients who have undergone BC surgery and breast reconstruction through lipofilling

Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer (EC) has been classified over the years, for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, classification systems have been emerging not only based on EC clinical and pathological characteristics but also on its genetic and epigenetic features. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as promising markers in several cancer types, including EC, for which their prognostic value is currently under investigation and will likely integrate the present prognostic tools based on protein coding genes. This review aims to underline the importance of the genetic and epigenetic events in the EC tumorigenesis, by expounding upon the prognostic role of ncRNAs