Haemodynamic efficacy of microaxial left ventricular assist device in cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Impella percutaneous mechanical circulatory support device is designed to augment cardiac output and reduce left ventricular wall stress and aims to improve survival in cases of cardiogenic shock. In this meta-analysis we investigated the haemodynamic effects of the Impella device in a clinical setting. We systematically searched all articles in PubMed/Medline and Embase up to July 2019. The primary outcom

Non-culprit MACE-rate in LRP:The influence of optimal medical therapy using DAPT and statins

Background/Purpose: The Lipid Rich Plaque (LRP) study demonstrated the association between coronary plaque lipid content and outcomes. In this LRP substudy, we assessed the impact of optimal medical therapy (OMT) on the occurrence of non-culprit major adverse cardiac events (NC-MACE). Advanced intracoronary imaging modalities are able to identify patients with vulnerable coronary lesion morphology associated with future events. Methods/Materials: A total of 1270 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) with evaluable maxLCBI4mm in non-culprit vessels and known medical therapy after discharge were followed for 2 years. OMT was defined as the use of a statin and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Results: Among the 1270 patients included in this substudy, 1110 (87.7%) had PCI for an index event, and 1014 (80%) patients received OMT. Estimated cumulative incidence functions of NC-MACE did not differ significantly between patients treated with or without OMT (log-rank p-value = 0.876). In patients labeled high risk (maxLCBI4mm > 400), cumulative incidence function also did not differ between patients treated with vs without OMT (log-rank p-value = 0.19). Conclusions: In the current LRP analysis, we could not identify a beneficial effect of OMT in the reduction of NC-MACE rate, even in patients with high-risk plaques during 24-month follow-up

Concomitant pulmonary vein isolation and percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects: A pilot project

Background: Patients with an atrial septal defect (ASD) are at increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently percutaneous ASD closure is the preferred therapeutic strategy and although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for AF is feasible after ASD closure, the transseptal puncture can be technically challenging and probably increases the perioperative risk. A staged approach, with PVI several months before ASD closure, has been recommended for patients already scheduled for closure, but no data are available on combined procedures. Purpose: This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of a combined procedure of PVI and ASD closure in patients with a hemodynamic important ASD and documented AF. Methods: In one procedure, PVI was performed prior to placement of the ASD closure device. Transseptal access for PVI was obtained via wire passage through the ASD in all patients. Patients were followed with 5-day-holter monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months. Recurrence of AF was defined as a documented, symptomatic episode of AF. Results: The study population consisted of five patients (four females, mean age: 58 (±3) years). Acute PVI was achieved in all patients. Only one patient had a small residual ASD after closure. Besides a small groin hematoma in two patients, no complications occurred. After 12-month follow-up, three patients were free of AF recurrence (60%). Conclusion: This study shows that a combined PVI with ASD closure is feasible with an acceptable success rate of AF free survival. These preliminary results in a small patient group warrants a larger trial

Are we SHARP enough? The importance of adequate patient selection in sorafenib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Upon FDA/EMEA registration for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sorafenib received a broader therapeutic indication than the eligibility criteria of the landmark SHARP trial. This allowed treatment of SHARP non-eligible patients in daily clinical practice. Aim: To assess sorafenib efficacy and safety in SHARP eligible and non-eligible patients, and determine the validity of the current therapeutic indication as described by the FDA/EMEA. Patients and methods: Consecutive patients treated with sorafenib for advanced HCC at two Dutch tertiary referral centers between 2007 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were time to progression (TTP), response rate, adverse events and reasons for discontinuation. Outcomes were compared between SHARP eligible and non-eligible patients. Results: One hundred and ninety-three of 257 (75%) patients were SHARP eligible. SHARP eligible patient

Improved survival prediction and comparison of prognostic models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib

Background: The ‘Prediction Of Survival in Advanced Sorafenib-treated HCC’ (PROSASH) model addressed the heterogeneous survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib in clinical trials but requires validation in daily clinical practice. This study aimed to validate, compare and optimize this model for survival prediction. Methods: Patients treated with sorafenib for HCC at five tertiary European centres were retrospectively staged according to the PROSASH model. In addition, the optimized PROSASH-II model was developed using the data of four centres (training set) and tested in an independent dataset. These models for overall survival (OS) were then compared with existing prognostic models. Results: The PROSASH model was validated in 445 patients, showing clear differences between the four risk groups (OS 16.9-4.6 months). A total of 920 patients (n = 615 in training set, n = 305 in validation set) were available to develop PROSASH-II. This optimized model incorporated fewer and less subjective parameters: the serum albumin, bilirubin and alpha-foetoprotein, and macrovascul

Predicting future left anterior descending artery events from non-culprit lesions:insights from the Lipid-Rich Plaque study

AIMS: The left anterior descending (LAD) artery is the most frequently affected site by coronary artery disease. The prospective Lipid Rich Plaque (LRP) study, which enrolled patients undergoing imaging of non-culprits followed over 2 years, reported the successful identification of coronary segments at risk of future events based on near-infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS) lipid signals. We aimed to characterize the plaque events involving the LAD vs. non-LAD segments. METHODS AND RESULTS: LRP enrolled 1563 patients from 2014 to 2016. All adjudicated plaque events defined by the composite of cardiac death, cardiac arrest, non-fatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, revascularization by coronary bypass or percutaneous coronary intervention, and rehospitalization for angina with >20% stenosis progression and reported as non-culprit lesion-related major adverse cardiac events (NC-MACE) were classified by NIRS-IVUS maxLCBI4 mm (maximum 4-mm Lipid Core Burden Index) ≤400 or >400 and association with high-risk-plaque characteristics, plaque burden ≥70%, and minimum lumen area (MLA) ≤4 mm2. Fifty-seven events were recorded with more lipid-rich plaques in the LAD vs. left circumflex and right coronary artery; 12.5% vs. 10.4% vs. 11.3%, P = 0.097. Unequivocally, a maxLCBI4 mm >400 in the LAD was more predictive of NC-MACE [hazard ratio (HR) 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.93-9.69); P = 0.0004] vs. [HR 2.56, 95% CI (1.06-6.17); P = 0.0354] in non-LAD segments. MLA ≤4 mm2 within the maxLCBI4 mm was significantly higher in the LAD (34.1% vs. 25.9% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Non-culprit lipid-rich segments in the LAD were more frequently associated with plaque-level events. LAD NIRS-IVUS screening may help identify patients requiring intensive surveillance and medical treatment

Manchester Clinical Placement Index (MCPI): Conditions for medical students’ learning in hospital and community placements

The drive to quality-manage medical education has created a need for valid measurement instruments. Validity evidence includes the theoretical and contextual origin of items, choice of response processes, internal structure, and interrelationship of a measure’s variables. This research set out to explore the validity and potential utility of an 11-item measurement instrument, whose theoretical and empirical origins were in an Experience Based Learning model of how medical students learn in communities of practice (COPs), and whose contextual origins were in a community-oriented, horizontally integrated, undergraduate medical programme. The objectives were to examine the psychometric properties of the scale in both hospital and community COPs and provide validity evidence to support using it to measure the quality of placements. The instrument was administered twice to students learning in both hospital and community placements and analysed using exploratory factor analysis and a generalizability analysis. 754 of a possible 902 questionnaires were returned (84% response rate), representing 168 placements. Eight items loaded onto two factors, which accounted for 78% of variance in the hospital data and 82% of variance in the community data. One factor was the placement learning environment, whose five constituent items were how learners were received at the start of the placement, people’s supportiveness, and the quality of organisation, leadership, and facilities. The other factor represented the quality of training—instruction in skills, observing students performing skills, and providing students with feedback. Alpha coefficients ranged between 0.89 and 0.93 and there were no redundant or ambiguous items. Generalisability analysis showed that between 7 and 11 raters would be needed to achieve acceptable reliability. There is validity evidence to support using the simple 8-item, mixed methods Manchester Clinical Placement Index to measure key conditions for undergraduate medical students’ experience based learning: the quality of the learning environment and the training provided within it. Its conceptual orientation is towards Communities of Practice, which is a dominant contemporary theory in undergraduate medical education

Platelet Inhibition, Endothelial Function, and Clinical Outcome in Patients Presenting With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Randomized to Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel Maintenance Therapy: Long-Term Follow-Up of the REDUCE-MVI Trial

Background Off-target properties of ticagrelor might reduce microvascular injury and improve clinical outcome in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. The REDUCE-MVI (Evaluation of Microvascular Injury in Revascularized Patients with ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel) trial reported no benefit of ticagrelor regarding microvascular function at 1 month. We now present the follow-up data up to 1.5 years. Methods and Results We randomized 110 patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction to either ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or prasugrel 10 mg once a day. Platelet inhibition and peripheral endothelial function measurements includi

Prognostic significance of MRI-detected extramural venous invasion according to grade and response to neo-adjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer A national cohort study after radiologic training and reassessment

Background: Detection of grade 3–4 extra mural venous invasion (mrEMVI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with an increased distant metastases (DM)-rate. This study aimed to determine the impact of different grades of mrEMVI and their disappearance after neoadjuvant therapy.Methods: A Dutch national retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients who underwent resection for rectal cancer in 2016 from 60/69 hospitals performing rectal surgery. Patients with a cT3-4 tumour ≤8 cm from the anorectal junction were selected and their MRI-scans were reassessed by trained abdominal radiologists. Positive mrEMVI grades (3 and 4) were analyzed in regard to 4-year local recurrence (LR), DM, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The 1213 included patients had a median follow-up of 48 months (IQR 30–54). Positive mrEMVI was present in 324 patients (27%); 161 had grade 3 and 163 had grade 4. A higher mrEMVI stage (grade 4 vs grade 3 vs no mrEMVI) increased LR-risk (21% vs 18% vs 7%, &lt;0.001) and DM-risk (49% vs 30% vs 21%, p &lt; 0.001) and decreased DFS (42% vs 55% vs 69%, p &lt; 0.001) and OS (62% vs 76% vs 81%, p &lt; 0.001), which remained independently associated in multivariable analysis. When mrEMVI had disappeared on restaging MRI, DM-rate was comparable to initial absence of mrEMVI (both 26%), whereas LR-rate remained high (22% vs 9%, p = 0.006). Conclusion: The negative oncological impact of mrEMVI on recurrence and survival rates was dependent on grading. Disappearance of mrEMVI on restaging MRI decreased the risk of DM, but not of LR.</p