Tendencias en la apicultura y pérdida de colonias de abejas melíferas en América Latina

Over the past decade, several countries have carried out monitoring programs of managed honey bee colonies, which suggest beekeeping difficulties, with high colony loss rates all over the world. Although Latin America plays a major role in the global honey supply, information about trends in beekeeping activities and honey bee colony losses are lacking. Using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) dataset and a synthesis of unpublished data of colony losses survey carried out over the last 7 years, we reveal a worrying situation of the beekeeping in this region. The Latin American trends in honey production and beehive numbers are drifting from the global pattern, and several high colony loss rates were registered in this region. These results reveal the presence of beekeeping difficulties in Latin America. However, the variability in methods of colony loss survey across initiatives prevent proper conclusion on loss rates. Efforts are needed to adapt, centralize and standardize methods to monitor honey bee health and colony losses across countries in Latin America, the main objective of the “colony losses” working group at the LatinAmerican Society for Bee Research, SOLATINA, a large-scale platform created in 2017 to coordinate bee research programs in Latin America.Durante la última década, varios países han llevado a cabo programas de monitoreo de colmenas de abejas melíferas, que sugieren dificultades en la apicultura relacionadas con altas tasas de pérdida de colonias al rededor del mundo. Aunque América Latina juega un papel importante en la producción mundial de miel, hay un vacío de información sobre la actividad apícola y las pérdidas de colonias en la región. Utilizando el conjunto de datos de la FAO y una síntesis de datos inéditos de encuestas sobre pérdidas de colonias realizada en los últimos siete años, revelamos una preocupante situación para la apicultura en esta región. Las tendencias latinoamericanas en la producción de miel y el número de colonias se desvían del patrón global, y se registran altas tasas de pérdidas de colonias en la región. Estos resultados revelan dificultades en el desarrollo apícola latinoamericano. Sin embargo, la variabilidad en los métodos de valoración de la pérdida de colonias en las diferentes iniciativas impide llegar a conclusiones definitivas sobre las tasas de pérdidas. Se necesitan esfuerzos para adaptar, centralizar y estandarizar los métodos de monitoreo de la salud de las abejas melíferas y las pérdidas de colonias en todos los países de América Latina. Esto constituye el principal objetivo del grupo de trabajo “Pérdida de colonias” de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Investigación en Abejas, SOLATINA, una plataforma a gran escala creada en 2017 para coordinar los programas de investigación apícola en América Latina.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

First large-scale study reveals important losses of managed honey bee and stingless bee colonies in Latin America

International audienceOver the last quarter century, increasing honey bee colony losses motivated standardized large-scale surveys of managed honey bees ( Apis mellifera ), particularly in Europe and the United States. Here we present the first large-scale standardized survey of colony losses of managed honey bees and stingless bees across Latin America. Overall, 1736 beekeepers and 165 meliponiculturists participated in the 2-year survey (2016–2017 and 2017–2018). On average, 30.4% of honey bee colonies and 39.6% of stingless bee colonies were lost per year across the region. Summer losses were higher than winter losses in stingless bees (30.9% and 22.2%, respectively) but not in honey bees (18.8% and 20.6%, respectively). Colony loss increased with operation size during the summer in both honey bees and stingless bees and decreased with operation size during the winter in stingless bees. Furthermore, losses differed significantly between countries and across years for both beekeepers and meliponiculturists. Overall, winter losses of honey bee colonies in Latin America (20.6%) position this region between Europe (12.5%) and the United States (40.4%). These results highlight the magnitude of bee colony losses occurring in the region and suggest difficulties in maintaining overall colony health and economic survival for beekeepers and meliponiculturists