2 research outputs found
Effects of 1-year intervention with a mediterranean diet on plasma fatty acid composition and metabolic syndrome in a population at high cardiovascular risk
Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important public concern due to its increasing prevalence.
An altered fatty acid composition has been associated with MetS, but the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have a
protective effect. The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as assessed
by the biomarkers of food supplied, on the plasma fatty acid composition and its relation with MetS after 1 year of
intervention.
Methods: A total of 424 subjects were randomly selected from the PREDIMED randomized dietary trial after completing a 1-
year intervention program. Participants aged 55 to 80 years and at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly
assigned to three dietary interventions: Mediterranean diet supplemented with virgin olive oil or nuts, or a low-fat diet.
Results: After 1 year of intervention participants in the virgin olive oil group showed significantly increased plasma
concentrations of palmitic and oleic acids, but reduced proportions of margaric, stearic, and linoleic acids. In turn, subjects
in the nut group showed significantly increased levels of palmitic, linoleic, and a-linolenic acids, but reduced proportions of
myristic, margaric, palmitoleic, and dihommo-c-linoleic acids. Increases in the biomarkers of foods supplied to the
Mediterranean diet groups, i.e., oleic and a-linolenic acids, were beneficially associated with the incidence, reversion and
prevalence of MetS. No weight changes were observed among participants.
Conclusions: The nut and olive oil diets induced a fatty acid composition that has been shown to be beneficial in the face of
MetS. Therefore, a Mediterranean diet rich in fats of vegetable origin may be a useful tool for the management of MetS
without the need for concerns over weight gain due to its high fat content
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Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639