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    Assessment of cassava diversity in Uganda using SSR markers

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    Avances en la obtenci贸n de variedades de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) con alta calidad de almid贸n mediante mutaci贸n inducida

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    El almid贸n de yuca presenta escasa variaci贸n en su calidad. Las mutaciones inducidas son una fuente de variaci贸n heredable para caracter铆sticas deseables. Estas mutaciones, aunque se presentaran gen茅ticamente, serian dif铆ciles de detectar fenot铆picamente debido a su alta heterocigosidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue producir poblaciones M2 para incrementar la homocigosidad de caracter铆sticas relacionadas con almid贸n y caracterizar fenot铆picamente las plantas irradiadas (M1), con el fin de evaluar la variabilidad inducida. Semillas bot谩nicas de las familias CM9331, SM3015, SM3045, GM155, C4 y C127 fueron irradiadas con rayos gamma y neutrones r谩pidos. Las plantas fueron establecidas en una parcela experimental de Corpoica-Palmira. Se realizaron autopolinizaciones para eliminar el posible estado quim茅rico e incrementar la homocigosis, evaluaciones morfol贸gicas con 9 descriptores cuantitativos y 18 cualitativos para evaluar los tratamientos, identificar quimeras y/o caracter铆sticas de inter茅s. Se autopolinizaron 9707 flores. Se encontr贸 60% y 29% de plantas sobrevivientes tratadas con rayos gamma y neutrones r谩pidos, respectivamente. Los descriptores cuantitativos revelaron gran variabilidad, mientras que el an谩lisis de componentes principales mostr贸 la formaci贸n de grupos relacionada con ramificaci贸n y vigor. Para caracter铆sticas cualitativas se encontraron plantas quim茅ricas en color de corteza del tallo y forma de hoja, efectos notables sobre el tipo de flor (e.g., flores hermafroditas) y un comportamiento similar a la apomixis y unisexualidad. El an谩lisis de correspondencia m煤ltiple mostr贸 agrupamiento relacionado con la floraci贸n. Estos resultados demuestran el efecto de las fuentes de radiaci贸n sobre la variabilidad fenot铆pica de la poblaci贸n. El an谩lisis futuro de las poblaciones segregantes permitir谩 detectar variabilidad 煤til para caracter铆sticas relacionadas con la calidad de almid贸n. Palabras clave: yuca, Manihot esculenta Crantz, mutaci贸n inducida, quimera, descriptor morfol贸gico, almid贸n ceroso. = The cassava starch presents a little variation in its quality. Although induced mutations are a source of inherited variation for desirable traits, phenotypic expression of mutants is currently difficult to detect due to its heterozygous condition. The objective of this work was to produce M2 populations in order to increase the homozygous level of traits related to starch quality and the phenotypic characterization of irradiated plants (M1) to evaluate the induced variability. Botanical seeds from families CM9331, SM3015, SM3045, GM155, C4, and C127 were irradiated with gamma rays and fast neutrons. Plants were established in an experimental plot in the Research Station of Corpoica-Palmira. Self-pollination was carried out both to eliminate the possible chimerical states as well as to increase the level of homozygosity. In order to identify chimeras and/or useful traits among treatments, a morphological screening were made using 9 quantitative and 18 qualitative parameters. A total of 9707 flowers were self-pollinated. The percentage of surviving plants was 60% and 29% for seeds treated with gamma rays and fast neutrons, respectively. Quantitative descriptors revealed high variability. The main components analysis suggested formation of groups related to ramification and vigor. For qualitative description, chimerical plants in crust color of stem and leaf shape, and remarkable effects on the flower type (e.g., hermaphrodite flower and apomictic behavior) were observed. The multiple correspondence analysis suggested clusters related to the flowering. These results demonstrate the effect of the radiation sources on the phenotypic variability of the population. Future analysis of segregating populations will allow detection of useful variability for traits related with starch quality
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