Discrepancies in Obesity Levels by Three Separate Criteria (Waist Girth, BMI, and Body Fat Percentage)

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Bendings of radio jets in BL Lacertae objects I: EVN and MERLIN observations

Several blazars, and BL Lac objects in particular, show a misalignment between the jet orientation on parsec and kiloparsec scales. Some authors (i.e. Conway & Murphy, 1993) have attempted to explain this behaviour invoking helical jets for misalignment angles around 90\degr, showing how in this case there are interesting implications for the understanding of the medium into which the jet is expanding. By comparing sensitive VLA observations (Cassaro et al., 1999) with images available in the literature for the BL Lac objects from the 1-Jy Sample (Stickel et al., 1991), it is clear that there is a wide range of misalignments between the initial jet direction and the kpc-scale jet, when detected. We have carried out VLBI observations of these BL Lac objects, in order to investigate the spatial evolution of the radio jets from few tens to hundreds of mas, and to search for helical jets in this class of sources. We present here the first dataset obtained from EVN+MERLIN observations at 5 GHz for seven objects. From these observations we never have a clear detection of helical jets, we only have a possible signature of their presence in 2 objects. In only one of the sources with a misalignment angle around 90\degr the presence of helical jets can be ruled out. This implies that it is not possible to invoke helical jets to explain the morphology of all the sources showing a misalignment of about 90\degr between the parsec and the kiloparsec scale jets.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, latex, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic

Extended emission around GPS radio sources

Extended radio emission detected around a sample of GHz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) radio sources is discussed. Evidence for extended emission which is related to the GPS source is found in 6 objects out of 33. Three objects are associated with quasars with core-jet pc-scale morphology, and three are identified with galaxies with symmetric (CSO) radio morphology. We conclude that the core-jet GPS quasars are likely to be beamed objects with a continuous supply of energy from the core to the kpc scale. It is also possible that low surface brightness extended radio emission is present in other GPS quasars but the emission is below our detection limit due to the high redshifts of the objects. On the other hand, the CSO/galaxies with extended large scale emission may be rejuvenated sources where the extended emission is the relic of previous activity. In general, the presence of large scale emission associated with GPS galaxies is uncommon, suggesting that in the context of the recurrent activity model, the time scale between subsequent bursts is in general longer than the radiative lifetime of the radio emission from the earlier activity.Comment: 18 paged, 18 figures, accepted for publication on A&

Extended radio emission in BL Lac objects - I: the images

We have observed 28 sources selected from the 1Jy sample of BL Lac objects (Stickel et al. 1991) with the Very Large Array (VLA) in A, B and D configurations at 1.36, 1.66 and 4.85 GHz, and/or with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 1.40 GHz. In this paper we present high sensitivity images at arcsecond resolution of the 18 objects showing extended structure in our images, and of another source from the FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm) survey (Becker et al. 1995). In general our high sensitivity images reveal an amount of extended emission larger than previously reported. In some objects the luminosity of the extended structure is comparable with that of FR~II radio sources. A future paper will be devoted to the interpretation of these results.Comment: 12 pages, 35 figures, to appear on A&A Supp. Ser., postscript file with figures included available at http://www.ira.noto.cnr.it/staff/carlo/ds1030.ps.g

Alteração da fertilidade do solo cultivado com cafeeiro conilon submetido a três níveis de fertilização com NPK.

Os solos do Estado de Rondônia, na extensão Noroeste do território brasileiro, apresentam grande variabilidade física e química. Na região norte do estado, onde se localiza o Munícipio de Porto Velho, os solos são, em sua maioria, ácidos, com porcentagem de saturação por alumínio acima de 50%, de baixa fertilidade química apresentando valores baixos para soma de bases, capacidade de troca de cátions e saturação por bases. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as alterações na fertilidade do solo cultivado com cafeeiro ?Conilon? submetido à fertilização química com NPK. Os tratamentos estudados foram três níveis de fertilização com N, P e K (N1: 90-50-150; N2: 150-90-270 e N3: 210-130-390 kg ha-1) combinados com três camadas de avaliação 0-10; 10-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 3x3 com três repetições no delineamento de blocos casualizados. Avaliou-se os atributos químicos do solo pH e os teores de P, K, Ca Mg, Al+H, Al, MO e V (%). Os atributos químicos dos solos não foram influenciados pelos três níveis de fertilizantes (NPK) empregados aos 14 meses após a implantação. Os atributos químicos do solo apresentaram condições mais favoráveis na camada superficial (0-10 e 10-20 cm), em relação à camada de 20-40 cm

Coleção ativa de germoplasmas de Coffea arabica L.: situação atual, caracterização e perspectivas para Rondônia.

Em Rondônia, cultivares da espécie arábica (Coffea arabica L.; Rubiaceae) são plantadas em apenas 5 % da área total (160 mil hectares) do parque cafeeiro estadual, dentre outros motivos, por causa da C. arabica apresentar restrita variabilidade genética para os caracteres de importância adaptativa, econômica e de defensividade nas condições ambientais da Amazônia Ocidental. As principais cultivares comerciais brasileiras de C. arabica são muito aparentadas entre si por serem exclusivamente descendentes das populações-base Bourbon e Typica. De 1978 a 2000, foram introduzidos e avaliados, aproximadamente, 120 acessos de C. arabica provenientes de várias instituições brasileiras de pesquisa agropecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização preliminar dos acessos de cafeeiros arábica, mantidos na Coleção Ativa de Germoplasma da Embrapa Rondônia em Ouro Preto d’Oeste, RO. Utilizaram-se 26 acessos (cultivares e linhagens irmãs) de C. arabica, provenientes dos principais programas de melhoramento genético do cafeeiro arábica do Brasil. Foram avaliadas 28 características por meio de descritores (morfológicos e agronômicos) mínimos diferenciadores, atualmente usados para registro ou proteção de cultivares comercial de café. A utilização conjunta da maioria dos descritores usados neste trabalho possibilitou, com relativa facilidade, discriminar fenotipicamente as cultivares cafeeiras entre si. A coloração das folhas jovens e dos frutos maduros são os descritores genéticos qualitativos mais facilmente identificáveis e que mais contribuíram na distinção eficiente dos germoplasma cafeeiros caracterizados. O uso das variáveis descritoras qualitativas (coloração dos brotos, cor dos frutos maduros, porte da planta e ciclo de maturação) foram eficientes na caracterização dos acessos estudados. De modo geral, estes resultados são concordantes com outros trabalhos similares realizados com a maioria das cultivares e,ou linhagens caracterizadas.bitstream/item/45456/1/bpd67-cafe.pd

Multi-scale modelling of an electrodialysis with bipolar membranes pilot plant and economic evaluation of its potential

Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid are widely used chemicals in different industrial sectors. To minimize costs and risks associated with transportation, handling and storage, these hazardous chemicals can be produced in situ employing electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM). This work presents a multi-scale model capable of simulating large scale EDBM units with complex stack configuration (i.e., internal staging) that can be used to design and optimize the process. The model was validated in two different process configurations using experimental results obtained from an EDBM pilot plant. Discrepancies between model and experimental results in the range of 2–11 % were obtained. The validated model was used to conduct a techno-economic evaluation adopting the feed and bleed configuration. Results show that current efficiency increases as the current density rises. At 600 A m−2, values of current efficiency between 72 % and 96 % were found for sodium hydroxide concentration in the range of 0.5–1 mol L−1. The levelized cost of sodium hydroxide (LCoNaOH) was evaluated, in the same range of concentrations, demonstrating that values between 280 and 370 € ton−1 can be obtained, fixing the electricity prince (0.1 kWh kg−1) and the triplet specific cost (600 US$m−2). Moreover, assuming a reduced cost of electricity and triplet to 0.05 kWh kg−1 and 300 US$ m−2, respectively, an absolute minimum of 140 € ton−1 was found for the target 0.5 mol L−1. A double stage EDBM configuration was simulated to show the scale-up potentials of the multi-scale model. A reduction in the LcoNaOH of 10 % was obtained for a target concentration of 1 mol L−1. These results prove the attractiveness of the EDBM technology for producing in situ chemicals