56 research outputs found
The prevalence of bronchiectasis in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: initial report of EARCO
Background: Although bronchiectasis has been recognised as a feature of some patients with Alpha1-Antitrypsin deficiency the prevalence and characteristics are not widely known. We wished to determine the prevalence of bronchiectasis and patient characteristics. The first cohort of patients recruited to the EARCO (European Alpha1 Research Collaboration) International Registry data base by the end of 2021 was analysed for radiological evidence of both emphysema and bronchiectasis as well as baseline demographic features.
Results: Of the first 505 patients with the PiZZ genotype entered into the data base 418 (82.8%) had a reported CT scan. There were 77 (18.4%) with a normal scan and 38 (9.1%) with bronchiectasis alone. These 2 groups were predominantly female never smokers and had lung function in the normal range. The remaining 303 (72.5%) ZZ patients all had emphysema on the scan and 113 (27%) had additional evidence of bronchiectasis.
Conclusions: The data indicates the bronchiectasis alone is a feature of 9.1% of patients with the PiZZ genotype of Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency but although emphysema is the dominant lung pathology bronchiectasis is also present in 27% of emphysema cases and may require a different treatment strategy
Tendencias de la investigaciĂłn en IngenierĂa Ambiental
Esta obra incluye las memorias del Simposio âTendencias de la InvestigaciĂłn en IngenierĂa Ambientalâ, organizado por el Grupo de Investigaciones y Mediciones Ambientales (GEMA), realizado en la Universidad de MedellĂn en agosto de 2007. El texto estĂĄ conformado por 14 capĂtulos agrupados en cuatro partes. En la primera se agrupan los trabajos relacionados con la calidad y alternativas de tratamiento del agua e hidrĂĄulica ambiental (capĂtulos 1 al 4). La segunda trata temas relacionados con la contaminaciĂłn atmosfĂ©rica y calidad del aire (capĂtulos 5 al 6). La tercera estĂĄ relacionada con las tecnologĂas ambientales para la recuperaciĂłn y conservaciĂłn de suelos (capĂtulos 7 al 10) y la cuarta y Ășltima comprende las temĂĄticas asociadas con la sostenibilidad ambiental del territorio (capĂtulos 11 al 14). En este sentido, estamos convencidos del valioso aporte que el libro darĂĄ a la comunidad cientĂfica, por ser este un documento de divulgaciĂłn de resultados de investigaciĂłn en ingenierĂa ambiental.PRĂLOGO............13
PRESENTACIĂN.............15
PRIMERA PARTE
CALIDAD Y ALTERNATIVAS DE TRATAMIENTO DEL AGUA HIDRĂULICA AMBIENTAL
CapĂtulo 1
PRETRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES INDUSTRIALES MEDIANTE FOTO-FENTON SOLAR A ESCALA INDUSTRIAL ACOPLADO A BIOTRATAMIENTO CON FANGOS ACTIVOS INMOVILIZADOS
Manuel Ignacio Maldonado, Isabel Oller, Wolfgang Gernjak, Sixto Malato
1.1 INTRODUCCIĂN............19
1.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS.............21
1.2.1 Reactivos............21
1.2.2 Determinaciones analĂticas.............22
1.2.3 Dispositivo experimental.............23
1.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN............ 27
1.3.1 Tratamiento foto-Fenton solar............27
1.3.2 Biotratamiento mediante fangos activos inmovilizados.............33
1.3.3 Sistema combinado foto-Fenton solar-biolĂłgico aerĂłbico............35
1.4 CONCLUSIONES............. 42
CapĂtulo 2
DEGRADACIĂN DE LA ATRAZINA EN SOLUCIĂN ACUOSA USANDO RADIACIĂN UV Y PROCESOS DE OXIDACIĂN AVANZADA
Margarita Hincapié, Gustavo Peñuela, Manuel I. Maldonado, Sixto Malato
2.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............47
2.2 SECCIĂN EXPERIMENTAL..............53
2.2.1 Materiales.............53
2.2.2 MetodologĂa...............53
2.2.3 DeterminaciĂłn analĂtica..............55
2.2.4 DeterminaciĂłn de la toxicidad...............55
2.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN...............56
2.3.1 HidrĂłlisis..............56
2.3.2 FotĂłlisis y fotocatĂĄlisis con TiO2 Degussa P25.............56
2.3.3 Efecto de los agentes oxidantes perĂłxido de hidrĂłgeno y persulfato de sodio en la fotocatĂĄlisis..............59
2.3.4 Proceso foto Fenton..............63
2.3.5 EvaluaciĂłn de los aniones inorgĂĄnicos durante los dos tratamientos.............66
2.3.6 CuantificaciĂłn e identificaciĂłn de los productos de degradaciĂłn...............68
2.3.7 EvaluaciĂłn de la toxicidad...............71
2.4 CONCLUSIONES...............74
CapĂtulo 3
HUMEDALES ARTIFICIALES PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES
Nazly E. Sånchez P., Gustavo A. Peñuela M., Juan C. Casas Z.
3.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............81
3.2 MARCO TEĂRICO...............83
3.2.1 Humedales construidos para el tratamiento de aguas residuales..............84
3.2.2 ClasificaciĂłn de los humedales.............85
3.2.3 Ventajas y desventajas de los humedales subsuperficiales..............87
3.2.4 Aspectos a considerar en los humedales subsuperficiales..............88
3.3 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS.................89
3.3.1 Diseño y construcción de los humedales a escala piloto..............89
3.3.2 Componentes del agua residual sintética................90
3.3.3 Siembra y aclimataciĂłn de plantas............... 90
3.3.4 Muestreos............91
3.4 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............91
3.4.1 pH..............91
3.4.2 Demanda bioquĂmica de oxĂgeno (DBO5)..............92
3.4.3 Carbono orgĂĄnico total (COT)................94
3.5 CONCLUSIONES................95
CapĂtulo 4
DESCRIPCIĂN DE LA DINĂMICA OCEANOGRĂFICA DEL GOLFO DE URABĂ UTILIZANDO MEDICIONES DE CAMPO
Luis Javier Montoya Jaramillo, Francisco Mauricio Toro Botero
4.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............103
4.2 DATOS Y MĂTODOS................107
4.3 DISCUSIĂN..............118
4.4 CONCLUSIONES............. 120
SEGUNDA PARTE
CONTAMINACIĂN ATMOSFĂRICA Y CALIDAD DEL AIRE
CapĂtulo 5
IMPACTO DE LAS MOTOCICLETAS EN LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE. ESTUDIO DE CASO: MONTERĂA
Carlos Alberto Echeverri Londoño
5.1 INTRODUCCIĂN.................127
5.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............131
5.2.1 S elecciĂłn de los sitios de mediciĂłn...............131
5.2.2 PerĂodo de mediciĂłn................131
5.2.3 ParĂĄmetros seleccionados...............132
5.2.4 Equipos y materiales utilizados..............132
5.2.5 Ăndices de calidad del aire..............133
5.2.6 LegislaciĂłn.............. 138
5.2.7 Inventario de emisiones..............141
5.3 RESULTADOS...............142
5.3.1 Calidad del aire y calidad acĂșstica................142
5.3.2 Emisiones vehiculares.............150
5.3.3 Inventario de emisiones.............155
5.4 CONCLUSIONES.............. 158
5.5 RECOMENDACIONES............. 160
CapĂtulo 6
ROMPIMIENTO DE LA INVERSIĂN TĂRMICA EN EL VALLE DE ABURRĂ
Ăngela M. RendĂłn, JosĂ© F. JimĂ©nez, Carlos Palacio
6.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............163
6.2 MEDICIĂN DE VARIABLES ATMOSFĂRICAS..............164
6.3 CAMPAĂAS DE MEDICIĂN.............165
6.4 RESULTADOS..............166
6.5 CONCLUSIONES................170
TERCERA PARTE
TECNOLOGĂAS AMBIENTALES
PARA LA RECUPERACIĂN Y CONSERVACIĂN DE SUELOS
CapĂtulo 7
ESTRUCTURA MODELO DE LA PARTĂCULA FUNDAMENTAL DEL COMPOST
Carlos E. Arroyave M., Carlos A. PelĂĄez J.
7.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............177
7.2 MATERIALES Y EQUIPOS.............178
7.2.1 Materias primas y planta de compostaje............178
7.2.2 ObtenciĂłn de fracciones............. 182
7.2.3 AnĂĄlisis estadĂstico.............184
7.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN.............184
7.3.1 CaracterizaciĂłn fisicoquĂmica del material de RSUsf...........184
7.3.2 Tamaño de partĂcula.............185
7.3.3 AnĂĄlisis instrumental................187
7.3.4 Modelo de partĂcula..............194
7.4 CONCLUSIONES..............195
CapĂtulo 8
DEGRADACIĂN DE HEXACLOROCICLOHEXANO (HCH) CON HONGOS DE PODREDUMBRE DE LA MADERA
Juan Carlos Quintero DĂaz, Gumersindo Feijoo, Juan Manuel Lema
8.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............199
8.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS..............204
8.2.1 Microorganismos.............204
8.2.2 Ensayos de selecciĂłn de los hongos de podredumbre de la madera.............204
8.2.3 Ensayos de degradaciĂłn de HCH en medio lĂquido.............205
8.2.4 Ensayos de degradaciĂłn de HCH en sobre suelo contaminado.............205
8.2.5 ExtracciĂłn y anĂĄlisis de los isĂłmeros de HCH.............208
8.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............209
8.3.1 SelecciĂłn de los microorganismos.............209
8.3.2 DegradaciĂłn de HCH en medio lĂquido.............210
8.3.3 DegradaciĂłn de HCH en fase sĂłlida.............212
8.4 CONCLUSIONES.............. 220
CapĂtulo 9
AVANCES EN LA PROPAGACIĂN ASIMBIĂTICA IN VITRO DE ORQUĂDEAS CON ESPECIAL ĂNFASIS EN EL GĂNERO CATTLEYA
Liliana R. Botero, MarĂa A. Jaramillo, Ăscar O. Ossa R., Tatiana Saldarriaga F., EstefanĂa Ortiz R.
9.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............227
9.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............231
9.2.1 EvaluaciĂłn de la metodologĂa de desinfecciĂłn de cĂĄpsulas de orquĂdeas.............231
9.2.2 EvaluaciĂłn del efecto de un abono comercial y un suplemento comercial de banano............239
9.3 R ESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............242
9.3.1 Ensayos de desinfecciĂłn...............242
9.3.2 Resultados del efecto de un abono comercial y un suplemento de banano comercial....246
9.4 CONCLUSIONES..............254
CapĂtulo 10
MOVILIDAD DEL BRAVONIL 720 (CLOROTALONILO) A TRAVĂS DE LA ZONA NO SATURADA Y SATURADA DE UN ACUĂFERO LIBRE SIMULADO
Idalia Jacqueline López Sånchez, Gustavo Antonio Peñuela Mesa
10.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............259
10.2 MATERIALES Y MĂTODOS...............261
10.3 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIĂN..............269
10.4 CONCLUSIONES..............292
CUARTA PARTE
SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DEL TERRITORIO
CapĂtulo 11
LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL COMO COMPONENTE DE SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL
John Fredy LĂłpez PĂ©rez
11.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............299
11.2 UNA LECTURA DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DESDE UN PUNTO DE VISTA SOCIAL..............300
11.3 EL CONCEPTO DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL...............303
11.4 LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL COMO ESPACIO PARA L A SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL.............309
11.5 ESBOZOS DE UN CASO: EL SECTOR ELĂCTRICO COLOMBIANO..............311
11.6 CONCLUSIONES..............319
CapĂtulo 12
DETERMINACIĂN ESPACIAL DE ĂREAS DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA
El caso de microcuencas abastecedoras de acueductos veredales del municipio de MedellĂn
JoaquĂn HincapiĂ©, Ălvaro Lema
12.1 INTRODUCCIĂN................323
12.2 LA NOCIĂN DE ĂREA DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA...............325
12.3 LA IDEA DE LOS SERV ICIOS AMBIENTALES..............328
12.4 ESTRATEGIA METODOLĂGICA EN LA IDENTIFICACIĂN Y DETERMINACIĂN DE LAS ĂREAS DE IMPORTANCIA ESTRATĂGICA............332
12.5 L OS RESULTADOS DEL MODELO...............359
12.6 CONCLUSIONES............. 361
CapĂtulo 13
LA EDUCACIĂN AMBIENTAL EN LA TRANSFORMACIĂN DE LA CULTURA
Luz Ăngela Peña MarĂn, Alba Miriam Vergara Vargas
13.1 INTRODUCCIĂN..............369
13.2 APROXIMACIĂN CONCEPTUAL...............370
13.2.1 La reflexividad...............372
13.2.2 La construcciĂłn del otro...............374
13.2.3 El discurso.............. 372
13.2.4 La autonomĂa y la participaciĂłn..............375
13.2.5 La educaciĂłn ambiental y el desarrollo humano..............378
13.2.6 Base conceptual de la educaciĂłn ambiental..............380
13.2.7 Contexto sociocultural..............382
13.2.8 DiagnĂłstico de la educaciĂłn ambiental y la administraciĂłn de los recursos naturales..............392
13.2.9 Criterios corporativos de educaciĂłn ambiental.............394
13.3 CONCLUSIONES...............398
CapĂtulo 14
ENFOQUE CONCEPTUAL DE UN SISTEMA DE INDICADORES AMBIENTALES PARA LA EVALUACIĂN DE LOS POT: municipios del Valle de San NicolĂĄs Oriente Antioqueño
Carolina Arias Muñoz, Diana Elizabeth Valencia Londoño, Boris Puerto López
14.1 INTRODUCCIĂN...............401
14.2 ENFOQUE CONCEPTUAL DEL SISTEMA DE INDICADORES..............406
14.2.1 Primera aproximaciĂłn: el enfoque de impacto ambiental..............406
14.2.2 Enfoque sistémico: de la sostenibilidad ambiental..............408
14.3 PROPUESTA FINAL DE INDICADORES E ĂNDICE DE SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DEL POT ISAPOT.............424
14.4 R EFLEXIONES FINALES..............42
Clinical Audits in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Workflow
Objectives:
Previous clinical audits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have provided valuable information on the clinical care delivered to patients admitted to medical wards because of COPD exacerbations. However, clinical audits of COPD in an outpatient setting are scarce and no methodological guidelines are currently available. Based on our previous experience, herein we describe a clinical audit for COPD patients in specialized outpatient clinics with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow.Methods:
A pilot clinical audit of COPD patients referred to respiratory outpatient clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (over 8 million inhabitants), was performed. The audit took place between October 2013 and September 2014, and 10 centers (20% of all public hospitals) were invited to participate. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The usefulness of formally scheduled regular follow-up visits was assessed. Two different databases (resources and clinical database) were constructed. Assessments were planned over a year divided by 4 three-month periods, with the goal of determining seasonal-related changes. Exacerbations and survival served as the main endpoints.Conclusions:
This paper describes a methodological framework for conducting a clinical audit of COPD patients in an outpatient setting. Results from such audits can guide health information systems development and implementation in real-world settings.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain)
Clinical and functional characteristics of individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: EARCO international registry
Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare disease that is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary emphysema. The European AATD Research Collaboration (EARCO) international registry was founded with the objective of characterising the individuals with AATD and investigating their natural history.Methods: The EARCO registry is an international, observational and prospective study of individuals with AATD, defined as AAT serum levels1000 individuals with AATD from 15 countries in its first 2 years. Baseline cross sectional data provide relevant information about the clinical phenotypes of the disease, the patterns of functional impairment and factors associated with poor lung function.Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pulmonary disease
Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in stable outpatients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. International CLARIFY registry
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Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
Geographic distribution of COPD prevalence in the world displayed by Geographic Information System maps
Alpha-1 antitrypsin Pi*Z gene frequency and Pi*ZZ genotype numbers worldwide: an update
Ignacio Blanco,1 Patricia Bueno,2 Isidro Diego,3 Sergio Pérez-Holanda,4 Francisco Casas-Maldonado,5 Cristina Esquinas,6 Marc Miravitlles6,7 1Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Spanish Registry (REDAAT), Fundación Respira, Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR), Barcelona, 2Internal Medicine Department, County Hospital of Jarrio, 3Materials and Energy Department, School of Mining Engineering, Oviedo University, 4Surgical Department, University Central Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, 5Pneumology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 6Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 7CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain Abstract: In alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), the Z allele is present in 98% of cases with severe disease, and knowledge of the frequency of this allele is essential from a public health perspective. However, there is a remarkable lack of epidemiological data on AATD worldwide, and many of the data currently used are outdated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to update the knowledge of the frequency of the Z allele to achieve accurate estimates of the prevalence and number of Pi*ZZ genotypes worldwide based on studies performed according to the following criteria: 1) samples representative of the general population, 2) AAT phenotyping characterized by adequate methods, and 3) measurements performed using a coefficient of variation calculated from the sample size and 95% confidence intervals. Studies fulfilling these criteria were used to develop maps with an inverse distance weighted (IDW)-interpolation method, providing numerical and graphical information of Pi*Z distribution worldwide. A total of 224 cohorts from 65 countries were included in the study. With the data provided by these cohorts, a total of 253,404 Pi*ZZ were estimated worldwide: 119,594 in Europe, 91,490 in America and Caribbean, 3,824 in Africa, 32,154 in Asia, 4,126 in Australia, and 2,216 in New Zealand. In addition, the IDW-interpolation maps predicted Pi*Z frequencies throughout the world even in some areas that lack real data. In conclusion, the inclusion of new well-designed studies and the exclusion of the low-quality ones have significantly improved the reliability of results, which may be useful to plan strategies for future research and diagnosis and to rationalize the therapeutic resources available. Keywords: SERPINA1, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, protease inhibitor, genetic epidemiology, inverse distance weighted interpolation, geographic information syste
WITHDRAWN: AtenciĂłn integral a las agudizaciones de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crĂłnica: atenciĂłn primaria y atenciĂłn especializada van de la mano
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