Endometrial Cancer Spheres Show Cancer Stem Cells Phenotype and Preference for Oxidative Metabolism

This study aimed to characterize endometrial cancer regarding cancer stem cells (CSC) markers, regulatory and differentiation pathways, tumorigenicity and glucose metabolism. Endometrial cancer cell line ECC1 was submitted to sphere forming protocols. The first spheres generation (ES1) was cultured in adherent conditions (G1). This procedure was repeated and was obtained generations of spheres (ES1, ES2 and ES3) and spheres-derived cells in adherent conditions (G1, G2 and G3). Populations were characterized regarding CD133, CD24, CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), hormonal receptors, HER2, P53 and β-catenin, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake and metabolism by NMR spectroscopy. An heterotopic model evaluated differential tumor growth. The spheres self-renewal was higher in ES3. The putative CSC markers CD133, CD44 and ALDH expression were higher in spheres. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER)α and P53 decreased in spheres, ERβ and progesterone receptor had no significant changes and β-catenin showed a tendency to increase. There was a higher 18F-FDG uptake in spheres, which also showed a lower lactate production and an oxidative cytosol status. The tumorigenesis in vivo showed an earlier growth of tumours derived from ES3. Endometrial spheres presented self-renewal and differentiation capacity, expressed CSC markers and an undifferentiated phenotype, showing preference for oxidative metabolism.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF OSB PANELS AS A FUNCTION OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

O trabalho teve como objetivo obter modelos estat\uedsticos para a estimativa da umidade de equil\uedbrio de pain\ue9is OSB em fun\ue7\ue3o da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar, assim como tamb\ue9m avaliar o efeito de algumas vari\ue1veis de produ\ue7\ue3o sobre a umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is. O delineamento experimental se constituiu de seis condi\ue7\uf5es de processamento, tr\ueas temperaturas do ar e seis umidades relativas do ar. Nas condi\ue7\uf5es de processamento, foram avaliadas tr\ueas diferentes espessuras das part\uedculas strand (0,4; 0,7 e 1,0 mm), duas densidades aparentes do painel (0,65 e 0,90 g/cm\ub3) e tamb\ue9m tr\ueas n\uedveis de press\ue3o na prensagem dos pain\ue9is (40, 60 e 80 kgf/cm\ub2). Para cada tratamento foram produzidos quatro pain\ue9is com a madeira de Pinus taeda e 6% de adesivo fenol-formalde\ueddo. Na avalia\ue7\ue3o do experimento foi considerado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado disposto em esquema fatorial triplo 6 x 3 x 6, ou seja, 6 vari\ue1veis de produ\ue7\ue3o (condi\ue7\uf5es de processamento), 3 temperaturas do ar (30, 40 e 50\ub0C) e 6 umidades relativas (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%). As m\ue9dias foram comparadas estatisticamente pelo Teste Scott-Knott em n\uedvel de 5% de signific\ue2ncia. A modelagem da umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB foi realizada mediante o ajuste de modelos polinomiais m\ufaltiplos para cada tratamento. Com base nas medidas de precis\ue3o e nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: 1) recomenda-se a utiliza\ue7\ue3o do modelo UEQ = \u3b20 + \u3b21UR + \u3b22UR\ub2 + \u3b23UR\ub3 + \u3b24Temp + \u3b5 para a estimativa indireta da umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB; 2) A temperatura apresenta influ\ueancia linear na umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is, enquanto que a umidade relativa do ar apresenta comportamento polinomial de terceira ordem, sendo que a umidade relativa do ar influencia de forma mais pronunciada a umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB do que a temperatura ambiente; 3) Quanto ao efeito das vari\ue1veis de produ\ue7\ue3o, a press\ue3o de prensagem de 80 kgf/ cm\ub2 e o aumento da espessura das part\uedculas strand para 1,0 mm de espessura promoveu tend\ueancia de redu\ue7\uf5es nos valores m\ue9dios de umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB. J\ue1 o aumento da densidade do painel promoveu uma tend\ueancia de aumento da umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB; e 4) O uso de modelos polinomiais m\ufaltiplos permite que sejam produzidas curvas de n\uedvel para a obten\ue7\ue3o dos valores de umidade de equil\uedbrio dos pain\ue9is OSB em fun\ue7\ue3o da umidade relativa e da temperatura do local onde o painel esta exposto, se destacando pela sua praticidade de utiliza\ue7\ue3o.The study aimed to obtain statistical models to estimate the equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels as a function of temperature and relative humidity of air, as well as evaluate the effect of some production variables on the equilibrium moisture content of the panels. The experimental design consisted of six processing conditions, three air temperature and six relative humidity of air. In the processing conditions, were evaluated three different thicknesses of the strand particles (0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 mm), two apparent densities of panels (0.65 and 0.90 g/cm\ub3) and three levels of pressure in the pressing of the panels (40, 60 and 80 kgf/cm\ub2). For each treatment four panels were produced with the wood of Pinus taeda and 6% of phenol formaldehyde adhesive. In the evaluation of the experiment was considered a completely randomized design arranged in a factorial triple 6 x 6 x 3, in order words, six production variables (processing conditions), three air temperatures (30, 40 and 50\ub0C) and 6 relative humidity (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90%). The means were compared statistically by Scott-Knott test at the 5% level of significance. The modeling the equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels was performed with fit the multiple polynomial models for each treatment. Based on measurements of accuracy and the results can be concluded that: 1) it is recommended to use the model UEQ = \u3b20 + \u3b21UR + \u3b22UR\ub2 + \u3b23UR\ub3 + \u3b24Temp + \u3b5 for indirect estimation of equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels 2) The temperature shows linear influence on the equilibrium moisture content of the panels, while the relative humidity of air shows behaving of third order polynomial, and the relative humidity of air affects more pronouncedly the equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels than the ambient temperature; 3) In respect of the effect of production variables, the pressing of pressure of 80 kgf/cm\ub2 and the increased the thickness of the strand particles to 1.0mm thick promoted trend of reductions in average of the equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels. But the increased density of the panel promoted the trend of increasing of equilibrium moisture content of OSB panels; and 4) The use of multiple polynomial models allows that are produced contours to obtain the values of equilibrium moisture content of OSB as a function of relative humidity and temperature of the place where the panel is exposed, standing out for its convenience of use