Sedação com benzodiazepínicos orais na prática odontológica em pacientes cardíacos: uma revisão de literatura

Existem diferentes tipos de sedação utilizados para a realização de procedimentos médicos e odontológicos. As medicações mais comumente usadas para este fim são os benzodiazepínicos, considerados seguros e efetivos na prática odontológica hospitalar ou ambulatorial. No entanto, na prática clínica odontológica, eles são subutilizados, especialmente em pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi abordar o uso de benzodiazepínicos como sedativos orais, suas indicações, contraindicações e peculiaridades, bem como sua correlação com pacientes cardíacos, através de uma revisão da literatura. Sedação, ou ansiólise mínima, é um estado induzido por medicamentos, durante o qual os pacientes respondem normalmente a comandos verbais e reflexos das vias aéreas, enquanto a função respiratória e cardiovascular não é afetada. Os efeitos benéficos de benzodiazepínicos incluem redução da ansiedade, indução e manutenção do sono, relaxamento muscular e tratamento e prevenção de convulsões epiléticas. Benzodiazepínicos são indicados para pacientes com ansiedade, mas devem ser usados com cautela em pacientes com doenças graves, gravidez ou que utilizem outros depressores do sistema nervoso central. É importante que o dentista conheça e use esta classe de medicamentos, melhorando a qualidade de atendimento para o paciente cardíaco.There are different types of sedation used for performing medical and dental procedures. The medications most commonly used for this purpose are benzodiazepines, which are considered safe and effective in the hospital or outpatient dental practice. However, in dental clinical practice, they are underutilized, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to address the use of benzodiazepines as oral sedatives, their indications, contraindications, and peculiarities, as well as their correlation with cardiac patients, through a literature review. Sedation or minimum anxiolysis is a drug-induced state during which patients respond normally to verbal commands and airway reflexes, while respiratory and cardiovascular functions are unaffected. The beneficial effects of benzodiazepines include reduced anxiety, sleep induction and maintenance, muscle relaxation, and treatment and prevention of epileptic seizures. Benzodiazepines are indicated for patients with anxiety but should be used with caution in patients with serious illnesses, pregnancy or using other central nervous system depressants. Its use in cardiac patients is safe and effective because it reduces the hemodynamic function. It is important for the dentist to know and use this class of medications, improving the quality of care for the cardiac patient

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data