916 research outputs found
Pushing the Prize Up, A Few Notes on Al-Qaeda's Reward Structure and the choice of Casualties
The article aims at suggesting possible conjectures on Al-Qaeda's logic and structure. Even if the organization's secrecy makes any empirical evidence difficult to find, some insight can be provided by economic theory of contests: in this terms, Al-Qaeda can be acknowledged like an agent rewarding a prize (membership) to its clients (cells and would-be cells). Although this principle makes the organization hardly visible and virtually impenetrable, we contend that in the long term such a logic is non-sustainableConflict, Al Qaeda, Terrorism, microeconomic theory, prize, contest
3+1D Massless Weyl spinors from bosonic scalar-tensor duality
We consider the fermionization of a bosonic free theory characterized by the
3+1D scalar - tensor duality. This duality can be interpreted as the
dimensional reduction, via a planar boundary, of the 4+1D topological BF
theory. In this model, adopting the Sommerfield tomographic representation of
quantized bosonic fields, we explicitly build a fermionic operator and its
associated Klein factor such that it satisfies the correct anticommutation
relations. Interestingly, we demonstrate that this operator satisfies the
massless Dirac equation and that it can be identified with a 3+1D Weyl spinor.
Finally, as an explicit example, we write the integrated charge density in
terms of the tomographic transformed bosonic degrees of freedom
Olami-Feder-Christensen Model on different Networks
We investigate numerically the Self Organized Criticality (SOC) properties of
the dissipative Olami-Feder-Christensen model on small-world and scale-free
networks. We find that the small-world OFC model exhibits self-organized
criticality. Indeed, in this case we observe power law behavior of earthquakes
size distribution with finite size scaling for the cut-off region. In the
scale-free OFC model, instead, the strength of disorder hinders synchronization
and does not allow to reach a critical state.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of 3rd NEXT International Conference
"News Expectations and Trends in Statistical Physics" (13-18 August 2005,
Kolimbari - Crete, Greece), as a special issue of the European Journal of
Physics B and of the Physica A, by G. Kaniadakis, A. Carbone, M. Lissi
Holography in flat spacetime: 4D theories and electromagnetic duality on the border
We consider a free topological model in 5D euclidean flat spacetime, built
from two rank-2 tensor fields. Despite the fact that the bulk of the model does
not have any particular physical interpretation, on its 4D planar edge
nontrivial gauge field theories are recovered, whose features are entirely
determined by the gauge and discrete symmetries of the bulk. In particular no
4D dynamics can be obtained without imposing a Time Reversal invariance in the
bulk. Remarkably, one of the two possible edge models selected by the Time
Reversal symmetries displays a true electromagnetic duality, which relates
strong and weak coupling regimes. Moreover this same model, when considered
on-shell, coincides with the Maxwell theory, which therefore can be thought of
as a 4D boundary theory of a seemingly harmless 5D topological model.Comment: 21 pages, plain LaTeX, no figures. Version to appear on JHE
Duality and Dimensional Reduction of 5D BF Theory
A planar boundary introduced \`a la Symanzik in the 5D topological BF theory,
with the only requirement of locality and power counting, allows to uniquely
determine a gauge invariant, non topological 4D Lagrangian. The boundary
condition on the bulk fields is interpreted as a duality relation for the
boundary fields, in analogy with the fermionization duality which holds in the
3D case. This suggests that the 4D degrees of freedom might be fermionic,
although starting from a bosonic bulk theory. The method we propose to
dimensionally reduce a Quantum Field Theory and to identify the resulting
degrees of freedom can be applied to a generic spacetime dimension.Comment: 13 pages, plain LaTeX, version to appear on EPJ
Fast Escape from Quantum Mazes in Integrated Photonics
Escaping from a complex maze, by exploring different paths with several
decision-making branches in order to reach the exit, has always been a very
challenging and fascinating task. Wave field and quantum objects may explore a
complex structure in parallel by interference effects, but without necessarily
leading to more efficient transport. Here, inspired by recent observations in
biological energy transport phenomena, we demonstrate how a quantum walker can
efficiently reach the output of a maze by partially suppressing the presence of
interference. In particular, we show theoretically an unprecedented improvement
in transport efficiency for increasing maze size with respect to purely quantum
and classical approaches. In addition, we investigate experimentally these
hybrid transport phenomena, by mapping the maze problem in an integrated
waveguide array, probed by coherent light, hence successfully testing our
theoretical results. These achievements may lead towards future bio-inspired
photonics technologies for more efficient transport and computation.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
Extensive nonadditive entropy in quantum spin chains
We present details on a physical realization, in a many-body Hamiltonian
system, of the abstract probabilistic structure recently exhibited by
Gell-Mann, Sato and one of us (C.T.), that the nonadditive entropy ( density matrix; ) can conform, for an anomalous value of q (i.e., q
not equal to 1), to the classical thermodynamical requirement for the entropy
to be extensive. Moreover, we find that the entropic index q provides a tool to
characterize both universal and nonuniversal aspects in quantum phase
transitions (e.g., for a L-sized block of the Ising ferromagnetic chain at its
T=0 critical transverse field, we obtain
). The present results
suggest a new and powerful approach to measure entanglement in quantum
many-body systems. At the light of these results, and similar ones for a d=2
Bosonic system discussed by us elsewhere, we conjecture that, for blocks of
linear size L of a large class of Fermionic and Bosonic d-dimensional many-body
Hamiltonians with short-range interaction at T=0, we have that the additive
entropy (i.e., for , and for d>1), hence it is not extensive, whereas, for anomalous values of
the index q, we have that the nonadditive entropy (), i.e., it is extensive. The present discussion neatly illustrates that
entropic additivity and entropic extensivity are quite different properties,
even if they essentially coincide in the presence of short-range correlations.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Invited Paper presented at the international
conference CTNEXT07, satellite of STATPHYS23, 1-5 July 2007, Catania, Ital
Self-Organized Criticality and earthquakes
We discuss recent results on a new analysis regarding models showing
Self-Organized Criticality (SOC), and in particular on the OFC one. We show
that Probability Density Functions (PDFs) for the avalanche size differences at
different times have fat tails with a q-Gaussian shape. This behavior does not
depend on the time interval adopted and it is also found when considering
energy differences between real earthquakes.Comment: 4 pages, Paper presented at the international conference CTNEXT07,
satellite of STATPHYS23, 1-5 july 2007, Catania, Italy
http://www.ct.infn.it/ctnext07
Ottimizzazione di Traiettorie Interplanetarie con Manovre Impulsive
In questa Tesi viene presentato un procedimento di ottimizzazione di traiettorie interplanetarie di veicoli spaziali nel caso di alcune missioni spaziali.
Viene mostrato un modello che, a partire da un set di parametri che definiscono univocamente la traiettoria del veicolo, permette di calcolare la variazione totale di velocita' ottenuta dalla sonda che e' legata al consumo di propellente necessario a eseguire tutte le manovre della missione spaziale. La sonda puo' eseguire manovre impulsive e puo' sfruttare l'azione gravitazionale dei pianeti del Sistema Solare per effettuare manovre di fionda gravitazionale.
Il problema di ottimizzazione viene risolto utilizzando l'Algoritmo Genetico e MultiStart di MATLAB.
Vengono affrontati problemi bidimensionali e tridimensionali che fanno uso delle effemeridi planetarie. I risultati sono comparati con le soluzioni ottime gia' note in letteratura
Enhancing User Engagement in Shared Autonomous Vehicles: An Innovative Gesture-Based Windshield Interaction System
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