Abstract geometry for design in an empirical modelling context

We review research from an agenda set out in a previous paper, which investigated the application of definitive programming principles to the implementation of CAD systems. This has led us to the development of a new Empirical Modelling paradigm. We outline the principles of Empirical Modelling, and explain and illustrate the significance and potential role of definitive notations for shape such as CADNO, Eden CAD and HyperJazz in this context. We also describe the motivation for Empirical Modelling as a modelling method for open development that can assist the integration of geometric modelling, non-geometric modelling, and meta-modelling aspects of concurrent engineering

Analysis of Channel Networks and the Potential for Sediment Transport in the Vicinity of the North Polar Seas of Titan

This study analyzes the available radar evidence in order to describe the morphology of channel networks around the north polar seas of Titan. Critical flow depths necessary to entrain water-ice grains, and denudation rates for a north polar channel network are discussed. The results indicate that channel networks on Titan have similar morphologies to channel networks cut by water on Earth. We also find that water-ice sediment should be readily entrained in the headwaters and downstream sections of the analyzed Titanian basin, given sufficient flow depths of liquid hydrocarbons. Also, the importance of slope and the elevated topography of the highlands surrounding the polar lakes are considered, as well as potential formation theories for the elevated highlands and low-lying maria that dominate the north polar region

The Second Way

Page range: 189-20

Surface modification of icy satellites: Space weathering of the large moons of Uranus and alluvial fan formation on Saturn’s moon Titan

The surfaces of icy satellites are continually modified by space weathering and geologic processes. This dissertation explores the processes changing the surface compositions of the large moons of Uranus and mechanisms for development of possible alluvial fans on the Saturnian moon, Titan. On the Uranian satellites, I hypothesize that the origin and distribution of carbon dioxide ice results from charged particle bombardment, and that spectrally red material originated on retrograde irregular satellites. On Titan, I hypothesize that landforms identified as alluvial fans at low and mid latitudes were formed by sheetfloods, whereas possible alluvial fans at high latitudes were formed by debris flows. To test whether charged particle radiolysis drives carbon dioxide ice synthesis on the classical Uranian moons, I gathered new near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra over a range of satellite longitudes, and measured the areas of carbon dioxide ice bands in these data to constrain its distribution on their surfaces. I found that the abundance of carbon dioxide ice peaks on the trailing hemispheres of the moons closer to Uranus (Ariel and Umbriel), consistent with radiolytic production of carbon dioxide ice via magnetospherically-embedded charged particle bombardment. Using these same NIR spectra, I measured the spectral slopes and areas of water ice bands to constrain the distribution of red material on these moons. My water ice band area and spectral slope measurements indicate that red material is most abundant on the leading hemispheres of the outer moons, Titania and Oberon, consistent with delivery of red dust from the irregular moons. To test alluvial fan formation mechanisms on Titan, I measured the radar backscatter of possible alluvial fans located at different latitudes on Titan, and compared these backscatter measurements to alluvial fans formed by sheetfloods and debris flows on Earth. My results indicate that backscatter from possible fans at high latitudes on Titan is more consistent with sheetflood fans on Earth, and backscatter from low- and mid- latitude possible fans on Titan is more consistent with terrestrial debris flow fans. I explore the geomorphic and sedimentological implications of these results

Food choice by people with intellectual disabilities at day centres: A qualitative study

People with intellectual disabilities experience a range of health inequalities. It is important to investigate possible contributory factors that may lead to these inequalities. This qualitative study identified some difficulties for healthy eating in day centres. (1) Service users and their family carers were aware of healthy food choices but framed these as diets for weight loss rather than as everyday eating. (2) Paid carers and managers regarded the principle of service user autonomy and choice as paramount, which meant that they felt limited in their capacity to influence food choices, which they attributed to the home environment. (3) Carers used food as a treat, a reward and for social bonding with service users. (4) Service users’ food choices modelled other service users’ and carers’ choices at the time. It is suggested that healthy eating should be made more of a priority in day care, with a view to promoting exemplarily behaviour that might influence food choice at home

Interactive situation models for systems development

Devising principles for systems representation and analysis that can cope with the complexity of the interactions between programmable components and human agents in modern computing applications is a challenging and fundamental problem. Understanding the role of human and inanimate components within a reactive system, for instance, involves not only input-output transformations, but also communication and stimulus-response issues. This paper proposes novel computer-based interactive situation models to assist systems development. Such models provide an environment within which the human interpreter can explore the relationships between observables and the patterns of behaviour associated with a system component with particular reference to its external real-world semantics. They are constructed using principles based upon observation, agency and dependency ("Empirical Modelling") that have been developed at the University of Warwick. This paper describes and illustrates ! the characteristics of interactive situation models in detail, and concludes with a brief discussion of their potential significance for systems development

Exceptionally preserved jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian

Journal ArticleCnidarians represent an early diverging animal group and thus insight into their origin and diversification is key to understanding metazoan evolution. Further, cnidarian jellyfish comprise an important component of modern marine planktonic ecosystems. Here we report on exceptionally preserved cnidarian jellyfish fossils from the Middle Cambrian (,505 million years old) Marjum Formation of Utah. These are the first described Cambrian jellyfish fossils to display exquisite preservation of soft part anatomy including detailed features of structures interpreted as trailing tentacles and subumbrellar and exumbrellar surfaces. If the interpretation of these preserved characters is correct, their presence is diagnostic of modern jellyfish taxa. These new discoveries may provide insight into the scope of cnidarian diversity shortly after the Cambrian radiation, and would reinforce the notion that important taxonomic components of the modern planktonic realm were in place by the Cambrian period

Modernising consumer markets: a response to the consumer green paper

A response to the BEIS Green Paper Modernising Consumer Markets by Peter Cartwright, Sam Dunleavy and Richard Hyde who are Consumer Law and Policy specialists at the Centre for Commercial Law in the School of Law at the University of Nottingham

INTEGRATION, RISK, AND SUPPLY RESPONSE: A SIMULATION AND LINEAR PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS OF AN EAST TEXAS COW-CALF PRODUCER

Livestock Production/Industries,

The pure rotation spectrum of ammonia

New experimental means for the study of absorption spectra in the extreme infra-red are described. These have been used in extending our knowledge of the pure rotation spectra to the case of a polyatomic molecule. The absorption spectrum of ammonia has been investigated in the region between 55μ and 130μ, and a very simple structure was found. Six lines were observed which belong to a pure rotation spectrum and are apparently due to changes in the energy of rotation of the ammonia molecule about an axis normal to the line of symmetry, that is, to transitions in which the quantum number j increases by unity. Other lines due to transitions with a change also of τ, the quantum number connected with rotations about the axis of symmetry, are absent. These facts are briefly discussed in connection with the predictions of the wave mechanics with which they are shown to be in accord. The moment of inertia of the ammonia molecule about an axis normal to the line of symmetry is estimated to be 2.77×10^(-40) gm cm^2