The Quennells and the 'history of everyday life' in England, c. 1918-69

This article argues that a new popular social history, the ‘history of everyday life’, emerged in England after the First World War. Couched in the rhetoric of ‘democratization’, this version of social history was an afterlife of the Arts and Crafts movement and is the prehistory of post-1945 mass history teaching and popular heritage tourism techniques. However, it occupies an ambiguous historiographical position between the decline of Victorian romantic and Whiggish histories, and the rise of ‘history from below’ in the 1960s. Therefore, the ‘history of everyday life’ has hitherto been poorly conceptualized. This article unpacks this new social history using the life and work of Charles Henry Bourne Quennell (1872–1935) and his wife Marjorie Quennell (1883–1972). The Quennells were the authors and illustrators of a four-volume series of interwar bestsellers called A History of Everyday Things in England, which remained in print until the late 1960s. Through an examination of the intellectual influences, networks of socialization, and practical activities surrounding these books and their authors, a significant but under-examined window into the history of British social history is revealed

The human rights case for open science

You’re writing a grant application, and you want to make a strong case for open science! You’ve seen colleagues use language from human rights treaties to support their arguments for open work in the past: but what does that actually mean? Does international human rights law really say that science should be open? In this article, Laura Carter, PhD candidate in the Human Rights Centre at the University of Essex and member of the Open Heroines collective, explains that yes, it does, and yes, you can use human rights to argue for open science

Imperfect Models of the World: Gender Stereotypes and Assumptions in Covid-19 Responses

As the Covid-19 pandemic has unfolded, epidemiologists have been working to build and refine models of how the disease is spread through populations: at the same time, policy-makers around the world have been taking measures to try to stem the transmission of disease, which are based on models of how they think the world works. These models may be implicit, or made explicit including through the use of statistics and data science: frequently, though, they are based on stereotypes and assumptions about how individuals and systems operate. This paper argues that it is crucial to understand to whom models are useful, and who they ignore. This paper looks at the gendered assumptions – and resulting gaps - in policy responses, which betray an understanding of the world that neglects the experiences of women and of trans and non-binary people. It examines how gendered assumptions, gender binaries and stereotypes weaken responses to the pandemic, and how they reinforce imperfect models of the world that have detrimental impacts on the people who are not included

Disordered Eating and Spiritual Well-Being in College-Age Women

The Theistic Model of Human Nature and Psychopathology suggests that human development and personality are influenced by biological, social, psychological, cognitive, and affective processes, but the essence of identity and personality is spiritual (Richards and Bergin, 2005). Religious/spiritual issues are often crucial components in understanding the etiology of and recovery from mental illness, including but not limited to eating disorders (Plante & Sharma, 2001; Richards, Hardman, & Berrett, 2007). There is a paucity of quantitative research, however, examining the relationships and role of spirituality and eating disorders. The present study examines the relationship between spiritual well-being and disordered eating. Upper-level psychology students in research methods courses recruited appropriate participants: 158 women ages 18-24. Surveys were posted on an online research management program. Disordered eating was measured using the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979). The EAT-26 assesses food preoccupation, eating behaviors, laxative use, and purging. Spiritual well-being was measured using the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS; Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982), a 20-item self-report instrument assessing the degree to which individuals report that experience a satisfying relationship with God or a particular religious affiliation and the sense of life satisfaction and purpose independent of religion. EAT-26 scores were hypothesized to be significantly negatively correlated with SWBS scores; however, non-statistically significant relationship was found. This may be due to a non-clinical sample. Future research should focus on multiple factors, including but not limited to spirituality, that are related to eating disorder etiology and treatment

Book review: the costs of connection: how data is colonizing human life and appropriating it for capitalism by Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias

In The Costs of Connection: How Data is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism, Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias argue that the quantified world is not a new frontier, but rather the continuation and expansion of both colonialism and capitalism. This book shines in using the theory underpinning the idea of data colonialism to articulate sites of resistance, writes Laura Carter

Repeated Testing of Working Memory Capacity

Working memory capacity is measured by a variety of memory span tasks and can account for about 40% of inter-individual variation in fluid intelligence (Broadway &Engle, in preparation). In the present study, ten participants performed a widely accepted valid test of WMC, the Running Memory Span task (Pollack, Johnson, &Knaff, 1959), twenty-five times over five sessions to assess test-retest reliability and the extent of practice effects. Results confirmed expectations that memory performance would improve but that the rank ordering of individuals on performance would remain consistent over repeated testing.Committee Member/Second Reader: Schumacher, Eric; Faculty Mentor: Engle, Randal

Parent Satisfaction with Diabetes Technology in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: To increase glucose control, advanced technologies are being integrated into diabetes self-management in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Two technologies being adopted is Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII), more commonly known as insulin pumps (pumps) and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). The purpose of the study was to better understand the experiences of parents whose T1DM child is using insulin pumps and CGM devices in diabetes self-management. Methods: This study was approved by the University of Mississippi IRB. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of parents in the Mid-South region of the U.S. The local chapters of JDRF and Camp Hopewell sent an e-mail inviting parents to participate with a link to the electronic survey. A follow-up e-mail reminder was sent a week after the initial e-mail was sent. SPSS 20.0 (Chicago, IL) was used to calculate frequencies and descriptive statistics. Results: 98 parents of children with TIDM responded to the survey, with only 47 families indicating their child was currently using an insulin pump and/or CGM device. Participants described the relationship they experience with their physician. Then, participants reported which members of their health care team helped them integrate technology into their child’s diabetes self-management and the support they receive pertaining to integrating technology into the child’s diabetes self-management. Respondents indicated their sources of information about integrating advanced diabetes technology into their child’s diabetes management. Participants also ranked the benefits and barriers associated with insulin pump and CGM device use. Conclusion: Families with better patient-physician relationship quality and with more perceived support from their diabetes health care team were more satisfied with insulin pump use. However, few children in this geographic area have integrated CGM into diabetes self-management. There are psychosocial issues to consider when integrating insulin pumps and CGM into diabetes self-management. Some healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, may be underutilized. As more patients attempt to adopt advanced technologies, it will be important for pharmacists to be trained to help patients use their insulin pump and CGM devices

Splitting Sexuality and Disability: A Content Analysis and Case Study of Internet Pornography featuring a Female Wheelchair User

General social stereotypes characterize people with disabilities as asexual, invisible, and stigmatized. Therefore, sexualizing people with disabilities becomes taboo. The goal of this study is to explore how Internet pornography depicts a female wheelchair user. Using qualitative, inductive content analysis and a case study approach, I analyze 24 images from a specific, relevant website for a theme that appears most prevalent in sexuality and disability literature, the sexuality/disability split, wherein individuals’ sexualities are not pictured, felt, or acknowledged in concomitance with their disabilities. My results indicate that a sexuality/disability split does occur to some degree, but that the subject also challenges the sexuality/disability split. Finally, I show how these results apply to an emerging interactionist paradigm of feminist and disability theories

Email stress and its management in public sector organisations

Email stress: what are its causes? how is it measured? can it be solved? The literature review revealed that, despite the term being well used and recognised, discussions surrounding the root cause of email stress had reached little consensus and the concept was not well understood. By its very nature, email stress theory had fallen victim to the academic debate between psychological vs. physiological interpretations of stress which, as a result of either choice, limited more progressive research. Likewise an array of email management strategies had been identified however, whilst some generated quick successes, they appeared to suffer longevity issues and were not maintained a few months after implementation in the workplace. The purpose of this research was to determine whether email communication causes employees psychological and physiological stress and investigate the impact of email management strategies in the workplace. A pragmatic philosophy placed the research problem as central and valued the differences between paradigms to promote a mixed-method approach to research. The decision to pair both case studies and action research methods ensured a framework for presenting results and an actionable solution was achieved. In direct response to the research aims an original email stress measuring methodology was devised that combined various data collection tools to measure and investigate email stress. This research design was applied and evaluated ‘email free time’ and email filing at the '''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''. Results of the study showed an increased stress response to occur during email use, i.e. caused employees’ increased blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol and perceived stress, and a number of adverse effects such as managing staff via email, social detachment, blame and cover-yourback culture were identified. Findings revealed ‘email free time’ was not a desirable strategy to manage email stress and related stressors, whereas email filing was found more beneficial to workers well-being. Consolidation of the data gathered from the literature review and research findings were used to develop an initial conceptualisation of email stress in the form of two models, i.e. explanatory and action. A focus group was conducted to validate the proposed models and a further investigation at the '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' was carried out to critique the use of an email training intervention. The results showed some improvements to employees’ behaviour after the training, e.g. improved writing style, email checked on fewer occasions each day and fewer sufferers of email addiction. The initial models devised, alongside the latter findings, were synthesised to create a single integrative multidimensional model of email stress and management strategies. The model made an original contribution to knowledge in terms of theory, i.e. to conceptualise email stress, and practice, i.e. to offer practical solutions to the email worker

Effect of melt composition on crustal carbonate assimilation: Implications for the transition from calcite consumption to skarnification and associated CO2 degassing

Skarns are residue of relatively low-temperature magma-induced decarbonation in the crust largely associated with silicic plutons. Mafic magmatic intrusions are also capable of releasing excess CO2 due to carbonate assimilation. However, the effect of mafic to silicic melt evolution on the decarbonation processes, in addition to temperature controls on carbonate-intrusive magmatic systems, particularly at continental arcs, remains unclear. In this study, experiments performed in a piston cylinder apparatus at midcrustal depth (0.5 GPa) at supersolidus temperatures (900–1200°C) document calcite interaction with andesite and dacite melts at equilibrium under closed-system conditions at calcite saturation in a 1:1 melt-calcite ratio by weight. With increasing silica content in the starting melt, at similar melt fractions and identical pressure, assimilation decreases drastically (≤65% andesite-calcite to ≤18% dacite-calcite). In conjunction, the CaO/SiO2 ratio in melts resulting from calcite assimilation in andesitic starting material is >1, but ≤0.3 in those formed from dacite-calcite interaction. With increasing silica-content in the starting melt skarn mineralogy, particularly wollastonite, increases in modal abundance while diopsidic clinopyroxene decreases slightly. More CO2 is released with andesite-calcite reaction (≤2.9 × 1011 g/y) than with more skarn-like dacite-calcite interaction (≤8.1 × 1010 g/y, at one volcano assuming respective calcite-free-superliquidus conditions and a magma flux of 1012 g/y). Our experimental results thus suggest that calcite assimilation in more mafic magmas may have first degassed a significant amount of crustal carbon before the melt evolves to more silicic compositions, producing skarn. Crustal decarbonation in long-lived magmatic systems may hence deliver significant albeit diminishing amounts of carbon to the atmosphere and contribute to long-term climate change