Written evidence to Justice Committee, Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006, Post-legislative Scrutiny

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Connection and coherence between and among European instruments in the private international law of obligations

This article considers points of connection and coherence between and among the Rome I Regulation, the Rome II Regulation, and Regulation 1215, and relevant predecessor instruments. The degree of consistency in aim, design and detail of conflict of laws rules is examined, vertically (between/among consecutive instruments) and horizontally (across cognate instruments). Symbiosis between instruments is explored, as is the interrelationship between choice of court and choice of law. Disadvantaged parties, and the cohesiveness of their treatment under the Regulations, receive particular attention

Intermittency in a single event

The possibility to study intermittency in a single event of high multiplicity is investigated in the framework of the $\alpha-$model. It is found that, for cascade long enough, the dispersion of intermittency exponents obtained from individual events is fairly small. This fact opens the possibility to study the distribution of the intermittency parameters characterizing the cascades seen (by observing intermittency) in particle spectra.Comment: 7 pages, latex, 2 figures available on request by e-mai

Integral correlation measures for multiparticle physics

We report on a considerable improvement in the technique of measuring multiparticle correlations via integrals over correlation functions. A modification of measures used in the characterization of chaotic dynamical sytems permits fast and flexible calculation of factorial moments and cumulants as well as their differential versions. Higher order correlation integral measurements even of large multiplicity events such as encountered in heavy ion collisons are now feasible. The change from ``ordinary'' to ``factorial'' powers may have important consequences in other fields such as the study of galaxy correlations and Bose-Einstein interferometry.Comment: 23 pages, 6 tar-compressed uuencoded PostScript figures appended, preprint TPR-92-4

Divorcing Europe: reflections from a Scottish perspective on the implications of Brexit for cross-border divorce proceedings

This article addresses the implications of Brexit for cross-border divorce proceedings. It sets out the background to Brexit, and outlines the import of the Great Repeal Bill for private international law rules concerning matrimonial proceedings. The current constitutional position within the United Kingdom with regard to private international law is explored, and the existing law on cross-border divorce, as it applies to the different types of divorce proceedings which present in British courts, explained. The mapping of existing rules serves as an introduction to the main purpose of the article, which is to speculate and advise on post-Brexit regulation of cross-border matrimonial proceedings. To this end, the authors present a fictional dialogue which discusses the effect of converting Brussels II bis into UK law as part of the transfer of the acquis communitaire, and debates the respective merits, for the longer term, of the UK Government’s seeking to negotiate with the EU an agreement on private international law matters guaranteeing reciprocity, or of refining existing private international law rules contained in the Domicile and Matrimonial Proceedings Act 1973 and the Family Law Act 1986, so as to cater for ‘EU divorces’ in the same way as ‘non-EU’, international divorces

Brexit: the impact on judicial cooperation in civil matters having cross-border implications – a British perspective

Professors Crawford and Carruthers comment, from a British perspective, on the possible effects of Brexit upon European civil justice harmonisation measures, with particular reference to the Brussels I Recast, Brussels II bis, Rome I and Rome II Regulations

Brexit: the impact on judicial cooperation in civil matters having cross-border implications – a British perspective

Professors Crawford and Carruthers comment, from a British perspective, on the possible effects of Brexit upon European civil justice harmonisation measures, with particular reference to the Brussels I Recast, Brussels II bis, Rome I and Rome II Regulations

Toxoplasma MIC2 Is a Major Determinant of Invasion and Virulence

Like its apicomplexan kin, the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii actively invades mammalian cells and uses a unique form of gliding motility. The recent identification of several transmembrane adhesive complexes, potentially capable of gripping external receptors and the sub-membrane actinomyosin motor, suggests that the parasite has multiple options for host-cell recognition and invasion. To test whether the transmembrane adhesin MIC2, together with its partner protein M2AP, participates in a major invasion pathway, we utilized a conditional expression system to introduce an anhydrotetracycline-responsive mic2 construct, allowing us to then knockout the endogenous mic2 gene. Conditional suppression of MIC2 provided the first opportunity to directly determine the role of this protein in infection. Reduced MIC2 expression resulted in mistrafficking of M2AP, markedly defective host-cell attachment and invasion, the loss of helical gliding motility, and the inability to support lethal infection in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. Survival of mice infected with MIC2-deficient parasites correlated with lower parasite burden in infected tissues, an attenuated inflammatory immune response, and induction of long-term protective immunity. Our findings demonstrate that the MIC2 protein complex is a major virulence determinant for Toxoplasma infection and that MIC2-deficient parasites constitute an effective live-attenuated vaccine for experimental toxoplasmosis