Polarity Inversion of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Disubstituted δ-Lactones via Enantioselective Iridium Catalysis

The coupling of carbonyl electrophiles at the donor position of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes is described, representing an inversion of polarity with respect to conventional reactivity modes displayed by these reagents. Specifically, upon exposure of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes to alcohols in the presence of a cyclometallated iridium catalyst modified by (S)-BINAP, catalytic C-C coupling occurs to provide enantiomerically enriched products of carbonyl allylation. Identical products are obtained upon isopropanol mediated transfer hydrogenation of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in the presence of aldehydes. The reaction products are directly transformed to cis-4,5-disubstituted δ-lactones

The genera of fungi-fixing the application of the type species of generic names-G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia

The present paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Fungi series, linking type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data, and where possible, ecology. This paper focuses on 12 genera of microfungi, 11 of which the type species are neo- or epitypified here: Allantophomopsis (A. cytisporea, Phacidiaceae, Phacidiales, Leotiomycetes), Latorua gen. nov. (Latorua caligans, Latoruaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Macrodiplodiopsis (M. desmazieri, Macrodiplodiopsidaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Macrohilum (M. eucalypti, Macrohilaceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes), Milospium (M. graphideorum, incertae sedis, Pezizomycotina), Protostegia (P. eucleae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes), Pyricularia (P. grisea, Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes), Robillarda (R. sessilis, Robillardaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes), Rutola (R. graminis, incertae sedis, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Septoriella (S. phragmitis, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), Torula (T. herbarum, Torulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Wojnowicia (syn. of Septoriella, S. hirta, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Novel species include Latorua grootfonteinensis, Robillarda africana, R. roystoneae, R. terrae, Torula ficus, T. hollandica, and T. masonii spp. nov., and three new families: Macrodiplodiopsisceae, Macrohilaceae, and Robillardaceae. Authors interested in contributing accounts of individual genera to larger multi-authored papers to be published in IMA Fungus, should contact the associate editors listed for the major groups of fungi on the List of Protected Generic Names for FungiThe Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project P25870-B16)http://www.generaoffungi.orgam201

First Report of Tilletia pulcherrima Bunt on Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in Texas

Switchgrass seed samples of ‘Blackwell’ and ‘Alamo’ from Bailey County, TX were examined for bunt fungi. Fourteen completely bunted seeds of ‘Blackwell’ and four of ‘Alamo’ were found. No partially bunted seeds were found. Bunted seeds were darker and occasionally slightly swollen relative to noninfected seeds. Teliospores were globose to subglobose, 21 to 28 × 20 to 27 μm in diameter, dark reddish brown to nearly black, with blunt warts 1 to 1.8 μm long, enveloped in a hyaline sheath, and often with a short apiculus. Sterile cells were globose to subglobose, 17.5 to 22 μm, with smooth, laminated walls as much as 2.6 μm thick, and often with a short apiculus. This bunt was identified as Tilletia pulcherrima Ellis & Galloway on the basis of host and spore morphology (2). The internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, including the 5.8S rDNA, were sequenced from bunted ‘Blackwell’ seeds (GenBank Accession No. EU915293, WSP 71501). The sequence was distinct from all Tilletia sequences in GenBank, including Tilletia barclayana (Bref.) Sacc. & Syd. on Panicum obtusum Kunth (GenBank Accession No. AF 310169) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. pulcherrima from switchgrass in Texas. Plant pathologists and regulatory officials should be aware of the potential for misidentification of T. pulcherrima as T. indica Mitra, the Karnal bunt pathogen of wheat that has similar spores, occurs in Texas, and has quarantine status. References: (1) R. Durán and G. W. Fischer. The Genus Tilletia, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1961. (2) K. Vánky, Mycotaxon 91:217, 2005