Reading Ronaldo: contingent whiteness in the football media

Ever since his introduction to the first-­-team at Manchester United FC, Cristiano Ronaldo Dos Santos Aveiro has been recognised as one of the footballing world’s most stand-­-out football players. In turn, Ronaldo has drawn the attention of scholars working across a number of disciplines. While sports economists and sociologists of sport, amongst others, have contributed to a growing literature about Ronaldo and the social implications of his on and off-­-field behaviour, few critical analyses have considered the racialised aspects of Ronaldo’s representations, or how audiences make sense of his racialised or ethnic identity. Using images of Ronaldo, which we presented to and discussed with self-­-identified physically active white British men, we explore what it is representations and audience interpretations of Ronaldo reveal about the complexities of white male identity formation. We do this to understand better how white male identities can be read and interpreted through and in the context of football. Facilitated by our conception of contingent whiteness, we argue that white British men’s interpretations of Ronaldo’s whiteness are inextricably linked to discourses of ‘race’, masculinities and football

POST: A Case Study for an Incremental Development in rCOS

We have recently developed an object-oriented refinement calculus called rCOS to formalize the basic object-orient design principles, patterns and refactoring as refinement laws. The aim is of rCOS is to provide a formal support to the use-cased driven, incremental and iterative Rational Unified Process (RUP). In this paper, we apply rCOS to a step-wised development of a Point of Sale Terminal (POST) system, from a requirement model to a design model, and finally, to the implementation in Visual C#. ? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.EI