Design of a new cutting tool for drill bits

Traditional manufacturing techniques applied in the Mexican Mining Industry require a high number of experimental tests, long periods of machining time used, and high economic costs are generated. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the computational simulation technique, which turns out to be a faster, low-cost, highly accurate, simple, and reliable technique to evaluate the performance of a cutting tool. In addition, with this technique, it is possible to simulate different geometries during the machining process, without generating economic losses and increasing the test accuracy. For this reason, the objective of this work was to design and validate a new cutting tool for the internal string of drill bits used in mining. The methodology used was through the implementation of the computational simulation technique and later the manufacture of the new tool. Which was mounted on a computerized numerical control lathe, and it was simultaneously introduced into the drill bit to perform the machining of the internal chord. To find the optimal geometry of such a tool, the finite element and design of experiment methods are used. Among the main results of this work is to identify the model that showed the best maximum effort performance, and that allows us to have a high safety factor. The deformation shown by the new cutting tool allows the manufactured parts to have adequate dimensional tolerances for their fit in the drill bit. The validation of the cutting tool design was carried out considering the cutting force that is generated in the machining process.Las técnicas tradicionales de manufactura en la Industria Minera Mexicana, requieren de un alto número de pruebas experimentales, utilizan largos periodos de tiempo de maquinado y generan altos costos económicos. Para resolver tal problemática, se propone utilizar la técnica de simulación computacional, la cual resulta ser una técnica más rápida, de bajo costo, de gran exactitud, sencilla y confiable para evaluar el desempeño de una herramienta de corte. Además, con esta técnica es posible simular diferentes geometrías durante el proceso de maquinado. Es por ello, que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue diseñar y validar una nueva herramienta de corte para la cuerda interna de brocas de perforación utilizadas en la minería. La metodología utilizada fue mediante la implementación de la técnica de simulación computacional y posteriormente la manufactura de la nueva herramienta. Posteriormente, fue necesario montar tal herramienta en un torno de control numérico computarizado, y simultáneamente introducirla al interior de la broca de perforación para realizar el maquinado de la cuerda interna. Para encontrar la geometría óptima de la herramienta se utilizan los métodos del elemento finito y de diseño de experimentos. Entre los principales resultados de este trabajo se encontró el determinar la geometría de la herramienta de corte que mostró el mejor desempeño de esfuerzo máximo, y que permite tener un factor de seguridad alto.La deformación que mostró la nueva herramienta de corte, permite que las piezas fabricadas tengan tolerancias dimensionales adecuadas para su ajuste en la broca de perforación. La validación del diseño de la herramienta de corte se realizó considerando la fuerza de corte que se genera en el proceso de maquinado

Synthesis of ZnO:Li films using an Arduino-based Hydrothermal reactor: An application to solar cells

Solar energy becomes more important in society, due to the low level of pollution it produces compared to fossil fuels. One way to take advantage of solar energy is using solar cells, which are made with zinc oxide films. To have its synthesis it is necessary to use a hydrothermal reactor,which has become increasingly expensive. Making it unavailable to most educational institutionsand the private sector. To solve the problem of its high cost, the aim of this work was tomanufacture a hydrothermal reactor based on Arduino, with an automation system with agitation,temperature-pressure control and low cost. This through a simple and practical methodology, which is focuses on users without deep knowledge in electronics and programming. SolidWorks®software was used for physical design and stress validation in the hydrothermal reactor. The cost of the reactor proposed in this work is 6 times lower than the cost of a commercial reactor. To validate the reliability of the reactor, three lithium-doped zinc oxide films with different molarities were synthesized. These films presented a transmittance response equivalent to that reported in theliterature. Finally, it is intended that the relevance of this work is to encourage users, through the proposed methodology, to manufacture not only a hydrothermal reactor, but also to manufacturecomplex laboratory equipment.La energía solar cobra mayor importancia en la sociedad, debido al bajo nivel de contaminación que produce en comparación con los combustibles fósiles. Una forma de aprovechar la energía solar es mediante el uso de celdas solares, que se fabrican con películas de óxido de zinc. Para su síntesis, es necesario utilizar un reactor hidrotermal, que se ha vuelto cada vez más costoso.Haciéndolo inaccesible para la mayoría de las instituciones educativas y el sector privado. Para solucionar el problema de su alto costo, el objetivo de este trabajo fue fabricar un reactor hidrotermal basado en Arduino, con un sistema de automatización con agitación, control de temperatura-presión y de bajo costo. Esto a través de una metodología sencilla y práctica, que está enfocada a usuarios sin conocimientos profundos en electrónica y programación. Se utilizó el software SolidWorks® para el diseño físico y la validación de esfuerzos en el reactor hidrotermal.El costo del reactor propuesto en este trabajo es 6 veces menor que el costo de un reactor comercial.Para validar la confiabilidad del reactor, se sintetizaron tres películas de óxido de zinc dopadas con litio con diferentes molaridades. Estas películas presentaron una respuesta de transmitancia equivalente a la reportada en la literatura. Finalmente, se pretende que la relevancia de este trabajo sea incentivar a usuarios, a través de la metodología propuesta, a fabricar no solo un reactor hidrotermal, sino también en fabricar complejos equipos de laboratorio

WRITING EFFECTIVE ENGINEERING RESEARCH PAPERS: A BRIEF GUIDE FOR NEW WRITERS

Publishing engineering research papers not only can facilitate funding but can also boost academic promotion. When researchers apply for an academic position or a new job, they must demonstrate their productivity based on the number and quality of their published articles. However, writing engineering research papers is a difficult and daunting task, especially for beginners. Many books and articles explain and provide guidelines on how scientific papers should be written, organized, and structured, including those that explain techniques to avoid imperfections and those that provide instructions for submission and publishing. However, they rarely provide unwritten rules for achieving success in the field of engineering. The aim of this paper is to focus on simple suggestions, useful tips, and unwritten rules for writing engineering research papers. This article provides a brief guide for new writers

Computational fluid dynamics analysis for improving temperature distribution in a chili dryer

Computational fluid dynamics is a numerical tool that is highly accurate to simulate a very large number of applications and processes. The CFD analysis has emerged as a viable technique to provide effective and efficient design solutions. In this paper, a CFD analysis for improving temperature distribution in a chili dryer is presented. The CFD technique is used to simulate the temperature distribution inside the chamber. For this purpose, the continuity, momentum and energy equations are considered. The results obtained by CFD analysis based on a specific geometry are presented in order to improve the temperature distribution. In addition, these results were verified experimentally. The distribution of temperatures showed small differences around 4 K during the warming up period. The simulation and experimental results can be useful for further designs of chili dryers with different specific geometries