Violences à l'école. Normes et professionnalités en questions

International audienceLa question des violences à l’école est plus que jamais mise à l’agenda – médiatique, scientifique et politique. Au-delà de l’actualité du sujet, cet ouvrage se propose d’en interroger les fondements normatifs tant dans son analyse que dans les réponses apportées en soulevant un certain nombre de questions émergentes et peu étudiées.Un double niveau de questionnement est sollicité : d’une part, celui de l’étude de la construction du « problème social » des violences à l’école, de ses fondements et de ses implications ; d’autre part, celui d’une analyse fine et contextualisée de ce phénomène, s’attachant au sens que donnent les acteurs à ce qu’ils vivent, analysant le vécu des sujets en lien avec leur activité de travail rendue parfois difficile.Cet ouvrage convoque une pluralité d’approches et de disciplines, ce qui permet de rendre compte de la complexité du phénomène et de ses enjeux. La violence, loin d’être gratuite, surgissant du vide ou le remplissant suite à un échec des mots, apparaît alors étroitement liée à des situations didactiques, pédagogiques et socio-historiques. C’est finalement la question de la construction de professionnalités qui apparaît centrale. Cet ouvrage s’adresse aux praticiens, aux chercheurs et aux étudiants s’intéressant au monde éducati

Sustainable cycle-tourism for society: Integrating multi-criteria decision-making and land use approaches for route selection

Cycle tourism is a sustainable active vacation, which is quickly growing in recent years. Although it has several benefits for society and users (e.g., social connections, amusement, and physical and mental health), cycle tourism requires an adequate route network to enjoy destinations with historical and landscape peculiarities. Past literature mainly investigated motivations and preferences for cycle tourists and proposed optimisation methods in planning routes. However, applying assessment methods for prioritising cycle-tourist routes is a seldom-explored topic. This study aims to address this gap by applying an integrated method for evaluating and prioritising cycle routes, searching for a compromise between route characteristics, service provided to users, and natural and building contexts crossed. It jointly includes Multi-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDMs) and a land use approach: AHP determines the weights of criteria and parameters describing cycle routes; GIS elaborates spatial analysis of parameters; ELECTRE I and VIKOR help find a compromise solution amongst different cycle routes. The integrated method involved a panel of experts to collect data, and it is applied to the wide-study area of Franciacorta (Italy). Some comparisons with other MCDMs are made to justify the results. The findings could support multi-institutions prioritising cycle route alternatives in deciding their building

Primordial and primary prevention of peri-implant diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of risk factor control to prevent the occurrence of peri-implant diseases (PIDs) in adult patients awaiting dental implant rehabilitation (primordial prevention) or in patients with dental implants surrounded by healthy peri-implant tissues (primary prevention). Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed without any time limit on different databases up to August 2022. Interventional and observational studies with at least 6 months of follow-up were considered. The occurrence of peri-implant mucositis and/or peri-implantitis was the primary outcome. Pooled data analyses were performed using random effect models according to the type of risk factor and outcome. Results: Overall, 48 studies were selected. None assessed the efficacy of primordial preventive interventions for PIDs. Indirect evidence on the primary prevention of PID indicated that diabetic patients with dental implants and good glycaemic control have a significantly lower risk of peri-implantitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.96; I2: 0%), and lower marginal bone level (MBL) changes (OR = –0.36 mm; 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.07; I2: 95%) compared to diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control. Patients attending supportive periodontal/peri-implant care (SPC) regularly have a lower risk of overall PIDs (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24–0.75; I2: 57%) and peri-implantitis compared to irregular attendees. The risk of dental implant failure (OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.50–9.45; I2: 0%) appears to be greater under irregular or no SPC than regular SPC. Implants sites with augmented peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) show lower peri-implant inflammation (SMD = –1.18; 95% CI: −1.85 to −0.51; I2: 69%) and lower MBL changes (MD = –0.25; 95% CI: −0.45 to −0.05; I2: 62%) compared to dental implants with PIKM deficiency. Studies on smoking cessation and oral hygiene behaviors were inconclusive. Conclusions: Within the limitations of available evidence, the present findings indicate that in patients with diabetes, glycaemic control should be promoted to avoid peri-implantitis development. The primary prevention of peri-implantitis should involve regular SPC. PIKM augmentation procedures, where a PIKM deficiency exists, may favour the control of peri-implant inflammation and the stability of MBL. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of smoking cessation and oral hygiene behaviours, as well as the implementation of standardized primordial and primary prevention protocols for PIDs

Antimicrobial Challenge in Acute Care Surgery

The burden of infections in acute care surgery (ACS) is huge. Surgical emergencies alone account for three million admissions per year in the United States (US) with estimated financial costs of USD 28 billion per year. Acute care facilities and ACS patients represent boost sanctuaries for the emergence, development and transmission of infections and multi-resistant organisms. According to the World Health Organization, healthcare-associated infections affected around 4 million cases in Europe and 1.7 million in the US alone in 2011 with 39,000 and 99,000 directly attributable deaths, respectively. In this scenario, antimicrobial resistance arose as a public-health emergency that worsens patients’ morbidity and mortality and increases healthcare costs. The optimal patient care requires the application of comprehensive evidence-based policies and strategies aiming at minimizing the impact of healthcare associated infections and antimicrobial resistance, while optimizing the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. The present review provides a snapshot of two hot topics, such as antimicrobial resistance and systemic inflammatory response, and three milestones of infection management, such as source control, infection prevention, and control and antimicrobial stewardship

BCR-ABL Promotes PTEN Downregulation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the t(9;22) translocation coding for the chimeric protein p210 BCR-ABL. The tumor suppressor PTEN plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CML chronic phase, through non genomic loss of function mechanisms, such as protein down-regulation and impaired nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling. Here we demonstrate that BCR-ABL promotes PTEN downregulation through a MEK dependent pathway. Furthermore, we describe a novel not recurrent N212D-PTEN point mutation found in the EM2 blast crisis cell line

Influence of Culture Conditions on In Vitro Asymbiotic Germination of Anacamptis longicornu and Ophrys panormitana (Orchidaceae)

This study is the first approach to in vitro asymbiotic germination of two species of Sicilian threatened terrestrial orchids, Anacamptis longicornu and Ophrys panormitana. Seeds were collected in the wild and cultured in two different media—Orchimax medium (OM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS)—and exposed to different photoperiods and temperatures to evaluate the best conditions for the specific stages of development. The germination of A. longicornu was very high on OM (95.5%) and lower on MS medium (21.4%), whereas O. panormitana germinated only on OM medium, with significantly lower percentages (12.0%), compared with A. longicornu. This difference is caused by variation in quality and quantity of nutrients used, primarily by nitrogen source. The results show that temperature and photoperiod widely affect seed germination and development. Although further investigations on asymbiotic and symbiotic germination are needed for the improvement of conservation of Mediterranean terrestrial orchids, our results contribute to the conservation of this group of plants

Avaliação da toxicidade da sulfametazina em organismos aquáticos.

Resumo: Dentre os fármacos, o grupo dos antibióticos, entre eles as sulfonamidas, é considerado um dos mais importantes. Estes compostos são extensivamente utilizados na medicina humana, veterinária e na aquicultura, com o propósito de prevenir ou tratar infecções microbianas. Essas substâncias podem acumular-se no solo, sofrer lixiviação ou, ainda, ser transportada via escoamento superficial para os corpos hídricos. A fim de alcançar um maior entendimento sobre os efeitos das sulfonamidas, avaliou-se a toxicidade aguda da sulfametazina utilizando-se duas espécies de invertebrados aquáticos (Daphnia similis e Artemia salina) e o peixe (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Foram determinados os valores de concentração efetiva media (CE50-48h), relacionada à imobilidade dos microcrustáceos equivalente a 77,5-48h e >1000 mg L-¹ para D. similis e A. salina, respectivamente. Para o peixe P. mesopotamicus, não houve efeito letal. Considerando-se que estes compostos são administrados em doses elevadas, a avaliação do seu impacto em toda biota aquática parece aconselhável. Os valores, portanto auxiliam para o estabelecimento de concentrações máximas permissíveis de sulfametazina nos corpos de água. Abstract: Among the drugs, the group of antibiotics, including sulfonamides, is considered one of the most important. These compounds are extensively used in human, veterinary medicine and aquaculture, with the purpose of preventing or treating microbial infections. These substances can build up in the soil, leachate or even be transported via superficial runoff to water bodies. In order to achieve a better understanding of the effects of sulfonamides, the acute toxicity of sulfamethazine was evolved using two species of aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia similis and artemia salina) and fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Determined the average effective concentration values were (EC50-48h), related to immobility of microcrustaceans equivalent to 77.5-48h and>1000 mg L -1 for D. similis and A. salina, respectively. For the fish P. mesopotamicus not lethal effect was found. Considering that these compounds are administered in high doses, to assess their impact on aquatic biota all seems advisable. values thus help to establish allowable maximum concentrations of sulfamethazine in water bodies

Association entre la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge et les parodontites

Purpose: To evaluate the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and periodontal disease, two frequent conditions in the elderly, with some risk factors in common. Methods: Single center, pilot, case-control study performed in a center specialized in the diagnosis and management of AMD. Periodontal status was evaluated in 43 AMD patients and 19 controls. Fundus examination and a complete periodontal examination were performed in all subjects. Results: AMD patients have a greater percentage of 3–4 mm clinical attachment loss compared to controls (47% vs. 38%, [P = 0.039]). However, no significant difference was found between the groups with regard to the prevalence of severe periodontitis. Conclusions: These results suggest an association between AMD and attachment loss characteristic of periodontal disease and support the need for larger prospective studies to elucidate the relationships between these 2 highly prevalent and potentially severe diseases