Prevalence of High Resilience in Old Age and Association with Perceived Threat of COVID-19—Results from a Representative Survey

Little is known about resilience in old age and its manifestation during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of high resilience in the German old age population. We further examine the socio-demographic correlates and whether high resilience reflects on older adults’ perception of the threat posed by COVID-19. The data were derived from a representative telephone survey of n = 1005 older adults (≥65 years) during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Assessments included socio-demographic variables, the perceived threat of COVID-19, and high resilience (Brief Resilience Scale; cutoff: ≥4.31). The association between high resilience and threat from COVID-19 was analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. The study sample had a mean age (SD) of 75.5 (7.1) years, and n = 566 (56.3%) were female. The estimated prevalence of high resilience was 18.7% (95% CI = [16.3; 21.2]). High resilience was more prevalent in the younger age group and participants with higher education levels. High resilience was significantly associated with a lower perception of threat from COVID-19. The results of the representative survey in the German old age population showed that one out of five adults aged 65 years and older had high resilience. Older adults with high resilience tended to feel less threatened by COVID-19. Further research on resilience in old age is needed to support vulnerable groups in the context of care

Mixed Sr and Ba Tri-Stannides/Plumbides AII(Sn1−xPbx)3

The continuous substitution of tin by lead (M IV ) allows for the exploration geometric criteria for the stability of the different stacking variants of alkaline-earth tri-tetrelides A II M 3 IV . A series of ternary Sr and Ba mixed tri-stannides/plumbides A II (Sn 1 − x Pb x ) 3 (A II = Sr, Ba) was synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements. Their structures were determined by means of single crystal X-ray data. All structures exhibit close packed ordered A M 3 layers containing M kagomé nets. Depending on the stacking sequence, the resulting M polyanion resembles the oxygen substructure of the hexagonal (face-sharing octahedra, h stacking, Ni 3 Sn-type, border compound BaSn 3 ) or the cubic (corner-sharing octahedra, c stacking, Cu 3 Au-type, border compound SrPb 3 ) perovskite. In the binary compound BaSn 3 (Ni 3 Sn-type) up to 28% of Sn can be substituted against Pb (hP8, P 6 3 / mmc, x = 0.28(4): a = 726.12(6), c = 556.51(6) pm, R1 = 0.0264). A further increased lead content of 47 to 66% causes the formation of the BaSn 2.57 Bi 0.43 -type structure with a ( hhhc ) 2 stacking [hP32, P 6 3 / mmc, x = 0.47(3): a = 726.80(3), c = 2235.78(14) pm, R1 = 0.0437]. The stability range of the BaPb 3 -type sequence ( hhc ) 3 starts at a lead proportion of 78% (hR36, R 3 ¯ m, a = 728.77(3), c = 2540.59(15) pm, R1= 0.0660) and reaches up to the pure plumbide BaPb 3 . A second new polymorph of BaPb 3 forms the Mg 3 In-type structure with a further increased amount of cubic sequences [ ( hhcc ) 3 ; hR48, a = 728.7(2), c = 3420.3(10) pm, R1 = 0.0669] and is thus isotypic with the border phase SrSn 3 of the respective strontium series. For the latter, a Pb content of 32% causes a small existence region of the PuAl 3 -type structure [hP24, P 6 3 / mmc, a = 696.97(6), c = 1675.5(2) pm, R1 = 0.1182] with a ( hcc ) 2 stacking. The series is terminated by the pure c stacking of SrPb 3 , the stability range of this structure type starts at 75% Pb (cP4, Pm 3 ¯ m; a = 495.46(9) pm, R1 = 0.0498). The stacking of the close packed layers is evidently determined by the ratio of the atomic radii of the contributing elements. The Sn/Pb distribution inside the polyanion (’coloring’) is likewise determined by size criteria. The electronic stability ranges, which are discussed on the basis of the results of FP-LAPW band structure calculations are compared with the Zintl concept and Wade’s/mno electron counting rules. Still, due to the presence of only partially occupied steep M-p bands the compounds are metals exhibiting pseudo band gaps close to the Fermi level. Thus, this structure family represents an instructive case for the transition from polar ionic/covalent towards (inter)metallic chemistry

Substituent Effects in (k2-N,O)-Salicylaldiminato Nickel(II)-Methyl Pyridine Polymerization Catalysts : Terphenyls Controlling Polyethylene Microstructures

A series of (k2-N,O)-salicylaldiminato Ni(II)-methyl pyridine complexes 7-pyr and 8-pyr derived from 3,5-diiodosalicyaldehyde (3a) and 3-(9-anthryl)salicylaldehyde (3b), and terphenylamines 2,6-(3,5- R-4-R-C6H2)2C6H3-NH2 (4a, R=CF3, R'= H; 4b, R=tBu, R'=H; 4c, R=tBu, R'=OH; 4d, R=Me, R'=H; 4e, R=Me, R'=MeO; 4f, R=MeO, R'=H; 4g, R=MeO, R'=MeO), was prepared by reaction of the respective salicylaldimine (5a-f, 6a-g) with [(tmeda)Ni(CH3)2] (tmeda) N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine) or [(pyridine)2Ni(CH3)2]. Complexes 7-pyr and 8-pyr are highly active single component catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene, producing a wide range of different polyethylene microstructures. While comparable complexes derived from 3a, 3b, 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, 3-tertbutylsalicylaldehyde,3,5-[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]2-salicylaldehyde, and 2,6-[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]2C6H3-NH2 afford polyethylenes with similar degrees of branching, variation of the terphenyl moieties in complexes 7-pyr and 8-pyr allows access to a wide range of polyethylene microstructures under identical reaction conditions. The X-ray diffraction analyses of complexes 7b-pyr and 8f-pyr are reported

Polymer Microstructure Control in Catalytic Polymerization Exclusively by Electronic Effects of Remote Substituents

A series of (2-N,O)salicylaldiminato nickel methyl pyridine complexes 8a-h-pyr bearing 2,6-di-(4-R-phenyl)phenyl groups on the imine nitrogen and varying in the remote substituents [R=C8F17 (a), CF3 (b), F (7c), H (d), Me (e), tert.-butyl (f), OMe (g), and NMe2 (h)] were studied as precatalysts for ethylene polymerization. Complexes 8a-h-pyr catalyze the polymerization of ethylene to low molecular weight polyethylene. Decreasing molecular weight and increasing degrees of branching are observed in the order R=C8F17CF3>F>H>Me>MeO>tert-butyl>NMe2. X-Ray diffraction analysis of complex 8c-pyr and polymerization results obtained with complexes 8-pyr indicate that it is not the sterics but the electronics of the R group that control the polymer microstructure. This is a rare example of a polymerization catalyst in which substituents effects can clearly be traced to electronics exclusively