Caracterização e comparação entre programas de treinamento para cavalos de enduro

Avaliou-se o desempenho atlético de 10 cavalos puro sangue árabe (PSA) com média de 7±2 anos. Os grupos foram submetidos a dois meses de treinamento isocalórico, distribuídos em dois tipos de treinamento, sendo um grupo de treinamento exclusivo a passo (GI) e outro grupo de treinamento com exercícios a passo, trote, cânter e galope (GII). Os programas de treinamento foram avaliados por meio de análises lactatêmicas e monitoramento cardíaco durante testes a campo e em esteira rolante. Utilizou-se teste t de student e Tukey para análise estatística dos dados obtidos. A partir dos testes de esforço em esteira rolante e a campo foi possível calcular as V160, V180 e V200 e as V2 e V4, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Já o tempo de fadiga e velocidades atingidas aumentaram para ambos os grupos. A lactatemia de recuperação não apresentou diferenças após o treinamento. As FC de recuperação reduziram após o treinamento, 1 min após o término do TFCmáx (de 210±0 para 122±15 para GI e de 199±1 para 125±14 para GII). O GI60 apresentou maior sensibilidade muscular escapular, lombar e glútea. GI60 e GII60 desenvolveram alguma sensibilidade tanto no TFDS quanto no TFDP. Concluiu-se que o GI foi mais prejudicial às estruturas musculares e tendíneas devido ao tempo elevado de treinamento. Ambos os protocolos imprimiram melhorias do desempenho atlético representadas por aumento do tempo de fadiga e melhor recuperação da FC pós TFCmáxThe objective of this work was to evaluate the athletic performance of 10 purebred Arabian horses with an average of 7 ± 2 years old. After adaptation to the exercise, groups underwent two months of isocaloric training, randomly distributed into two types of training, one group was trained with only walk exercises (GI) and other group was trained with exercises in all gaits (GII). Training programs were assessed by analysis of lactate concentration [LA] and cardiac monitoring during tests in the field and treadmill conditions. We used Student's t test and Tukey's test to analysis of the data. From the exercise tests on a treadmill and in the field was possible to calculate the V160, V180 and V200 and V2 and V4, with no significant difference between groups. The time of fatigue (TF) and maximal speeds increased for both groups. The recovery [LA] did not differ after training between GI and GII. The HR of recovery reduced after training, 1 min after the THRmáx (from 210±0 and 122±15 for GI and 199±1 to 125±14 for GII). The GI60 showed higher scapular, lumbar and gluteal muscle sensitivity. GI60 and GII60 developed some sensitivity in both the superficial digital flexor tendon and deep digital flexor tendon. It was concluded that the GI is more harmful to the muscular structures due to high training time per session and that training of GII requires more careful by tendinous structures. Although both protocols have made improvements in athletic performance represented by increasing the TF and better recovery of HR after HRTmáxConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Cães American Pit Bull Terrier submetidos a exercício: respostas fisiológicas e estudo comparativo de métodos para quantificação de lactato

A Fisiologia do Exercício é um ramo da ciência que elabora métodos e programas de condicionamento aplicados no controle, prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades, bem como explica os mecanismos adaptativos comparando espécies animais. A espécie canina ainda é pouco estudada em seu perfil atlético mais amplo, sendo as raças tradicionalmente escolhidas para este fim o Greyhounds, cães de trenó e Retrievers do Labrador. O American Pit Bull Terrier, apesar de sua popularidade mundial, tem sido negligenciado pela comunidade acadêmica, apesar de sua versatilidade comprovada por sua participação bem sucedida em diversos esportes. Esta revisão traz aspectos relevantes sobre a raça e sua origem, bem como sobre as expectativas de inovadores estudos com enfoque no Pit Bull como modelo experimenta

Exercício em esteira não elevou a temperatura do casco de equinos

Objetivou-se avaliar em equino a influência do exercício progressivo e intenso realizado em esteira de alta velocidade sobre a temperatura de regiões da pele, incluindo face, pescoço e quartela, e do casco, incluindo coroa, parede e sola. Utilizaram-se cinco equinos Puro Sangue Árabes, desferrados, com idade média de 8±0,7 anos, sendo duas fêmeas e três machos, com peso corpóreo médio de 420±10kg. A intensidade de esforço foi determinada por meio da quantificação do lactato sanguíneo. As temperaturas foram determinadas com o auxílio de termógrafo, antes, durante e após o exercício. Realizou-se análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Tukey, sendo P≤0,05. A lactacidemia aumentou, principalmente nas velocidades intensas. Houve redução das temperaturas das regiões da face, pescoço e quartela após o exercício e diminuição das temperaturas da parede, coroa e sola do casco durante o exercício, enquanto a temperatura da manta de rolamento da esteira não se alterou em nenhum momento. Constatou-se indiretamente que a perfusão sanguínea do casco diminuiu durante o teste de esforço tanto em sua fase aeróbia como na anaeróbia. Nenhuma das intensidades de esforço foi capaz de alterar a temperatura da manta de rolamento da esteira. A temperatura do casco diminuída como decorrência fisiológica do esforço físico imposto, retornou aos valores normais após o término do exercício.The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of intense and progressive exercise performed on a high speed treadmill on the temperature of the skin of the face, neck, pastern, and hoof, including the crown, sole and wall. Five unshod Arabian horses were used, with a mean age of 8±0.7 years, two females and three males, average body weight of 420±10kg. The exercise intensity was determined by quantification of blood lactate concentrations. Temperatures were determined with thermography before, during and after exercise. The effect of exercise on the temperature of the anatomic structures studied was evaluated by ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test, with P≤0.05. Blood lactate increased, especially at more intense speeds. There were decreases in temperature of the regions of the face, neck and pastern after the exercise, of the wall, crown and sole of the hoof during the effort. The temperature of the moving belt blanket bearing did not change at any time throughout the test exercise. It was found, indirectly, that the blood perfusion in the hoof decreased both during the aerobic and anaerobic phase of the exercise test. None of the effort intensities was able to change the temperature of treadmill moving belt. The temperature of the hoof reduced as a physiologic consequence of the exercise and returned to normal values after the end of the test

Low dose of dichloroacetate infusion reduces blood lactate after submaximal exercise in horses Baixa dose de infusão de dicloroacetato reduz o lactato sanguíneo após exercício submáximo em cavalos

The acute administration of an indirect activator of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in human athletes causes a reduction in blood lactate level during and after exercise. A single IV dose (2.5m.kg-1) of dichloroacetate (DCA) was administered before a submaximal incremental exercise test (IET) with five velocity steps, from 5.0 m.s-1 for 1 min to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5m.s-1 every 30s in four untrained mares. The blood collections were done in the period after exercise, at times 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Blood lactate and glucose (mM) were determined electro-enzymatically utilizing a YSI 2300 automated analyzer. There was a 15.3% decrease in mean total blood lactate determined from the values obtained at all assessment times in both trials after the exercise. There was a decrease in blood lactate 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after exercise for the mares that received prior DCA treatment, with respective mean values of 6.31±0.90 vs 5.81±0.50, 6.45±1.19 vs 5.58±1.06, 6.07±1.56 vs 5.26±1.12, 4.88±1.61 vs 3.95±1.00, 3.66±1.41 vs 2.86±0.75 and 2.75±0.51 vs 2.04±0.30. There was no difference in glucose concentrations. By means of linear regression analysis, V140, V160, V180 and V200 were determined (velocity at which the rate heart is 140, 160, 180, and 200 beats/minute, respectively). The velocities related to heart rate did not differ, indicating that there was no ergogenic effect, but prior administration of a relatively low dose of DCA in mares reduced lactatemia after an IET.<br>A administração aguda de um ativador indireto da enzima piruvato desidrogenase (PD) em atletas da espécie humana provoca redução na concentração de lactato sanguíneo durante e após exercício. Uma dose única, intravenosa de 2.5m.kg-1 de dicloroacetato (DCA) foi administrada antes de um exercício teste incremental submáximo (ETI) com cinco etapas de velocidade sendo 5,0 ms-1 por 1 minuto e 6,0, 6,5, 7,0, e 7,5 ms-1 a cada 30 segundos em quatro éguas destreinadas. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas no período após o exercício, nos momentos de 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 20 min. Lactato e glicose (mM) foram determinados electro-enzimaticamente utilizando um analisador automático (YSI 2300). Houve redução de 15,3% no lactato sanguíneo total médio que foi determinado a partir dos valores obtidos em todos os momentos de avaliação em ambos os testes, após o exercício. Houve diminuição na lactatemia 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos após exercício para as éguas que receberam infusão de DCA, com os respectivos valores médios de 6,31±0,90 versus 5,81±0,50, 6,45±1,19 versus 5,58±1,06, 6,07±1,56 versus 5,26±1,12, 4,88±1,61 versus 3,95±1,00, 3,66±1,41 versus 2,86±0,75 e 2,75±0,51 versus 2,04±0,30. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de glicose. Por meio de análise de regressão linear, V140, V160, V180 e V200 foram determinados (velocidades em que as taxas cardíacas alcançam 140, 160, 180 e 200 bpm, respectivamente). As velocidades relacionadas com a frequência cardíaca não diferiram, indicando que não houve efeito ergogênico, mas a administração prévia de uma dose relativamente baixa de DCA em éguas reduziu a lactatemia após um ETI

Relationship between Brazilian thoroughbred race horses performance and lay-up period after osseous thoracic limb diseases

It is well established in the literature that musculoskeletal injuries are important compromising agents in the performance of Thoroughbred horses. In Brazil, there are no studies on the interrelation between lay-up period post-injury and retirement of racehorses due to musculoskeletal injures. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between rehabilitation times of track injures and variables of prior race performance and later return to competitions. The radiographic reports and athletic history of 416 thoroughbreds during the period between 2003 and 2006 were examined; they were selected based on continued presentations after injury diagnosis. The temporal variables (post-injury rehabilitation time) and performance variables (race score before and after injury) were evaluated by multivariate correspondence analysis of the data and represented in perceptual maps. Correspondence was observed between most of the animals that had a short lay-up post-injury and variables that denote decline in subsequent performance. Considering the integrity of the bone healing process as crucial for the horse to be able to handle later training routines and competitions, shortening this period could lead to an imbalance of the bone repair metabolism, thus resulting in performance decline and compromise of the horse athletic career

Low dose of dichloroacetate infusion reduces blood lactate after submaximal exercise in horses

The acute administration of an indirect activator of the enzyme pyruvate dehydroge-nase (PDH) in human athletes causes a reduction in blood lactate level during and after exercise. A single IV dose (2.5m.kg-1) of dichloroacetate (DCA) was administered before a submaximal incremental exercise test (IET) with five velocity steps, from 5.0 m.s-1 for 1 min to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5m.s-1 every 30s in four untrained mares. The blood collections were done in the period after exercise, at times 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. Blood lactate and glucose (mM) were determined electro-enzymatically utilizing a YSI 2300 automated analyzer. There was a 15.3% decrease in mean total blood lactate determined from the values obtained at all assessment times in both trials after the exercise. There was a decrease in blood lactate 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after exercise for the mares that received prior DCA treatment, with respective mean values of 6.31±0.90 vs 5.81±0.50, 6.45±1.19 vs 5.58±1.06, 6.07±1.56 vs 5.26±1.12, 4.88±1.61 vs 3.95±1.00, 3.66±1.41 vs 2.86±0.75 and 2.75±0.51 vs 2.04±0.30. There was no difference in glucose concentrations. By means of linear regression analysis, V140, V160, V180 and V200 were determined (velocity at which the rate heart is 140, 160, 180, and 200 beats/minute, respectively). The velocities related to heart rate did not differ, indicating that there was no ergogenic effect, but prior administration of a relatively low dose of DCA in mares reduced lactatemia after an IET