Démarche de validation de la trousse Partenariat en éducation à l'enfance

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La recherche collégiale et son milieu : enracinement, déploiement et interdépendance», dans le cadre du 83e Congrès de l'Acfas, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, le 27 mai 2015.Dans le domaine de l'éducation à l'enfance, plusieurs auteurs reconnaissent que les relations entre les parents et le personnel éducateur sont difficiles à établir et à maintenir. Or la qualité des soins aux jeunes enfants est souvent associée à la qualité de ces relations. La formation des futures éducatrices en vue du travail en partenariat serait une des causes des difficultés observées. Grâce à la contribution financière du programme de collaboration universités/collèges du ministère de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec, du matériel pédagogique a été mis au point afin d'apporter des éléments de solution. Regroupé dans la trousse Partenariat, ce matériel diversifié (fiches d'activités, histoires de cas, documents vidéo, etc.) vise à favoriser le développement d'une pensée réflexive chez les futures éducatrices. Il a été élaboré à la suite d'une consultation auprès du personnel enseignant en Techniques d'éducation à l'enfance et s'inscrit dans le cadre conceptuel de l'approche centrée sur la famille. La trousse est en cours de validation dans 13 collèges et une université. Des enseignantes et enseignants l'expérimentent et leur point de vue est recueilli au moyen d'entrevues individuelles et d'un sondage en ligne. Cette communication par affiche sera l'occasion de présenter la démarche de validation ainsi que les résultats obtenus

Structural modification and biological evaluation of Dmt1-DALDA analogues

The highly charged tetrapeptide Dmt-DALDA (Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) has been previously identified as a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist1 and serves as a lead compound for the further development of novel therapeutic (peptidic) opioid analgesics. The present work describes structural modifications of the peptide in order to determine the role of the charges, role of N-methylation, and role of conformation. All prepared compounds have been tested for their in vitro affinity and activity (guinea pig ileum GPI and mouse vas deferens MVD assays), their in vitro permeability (caco-2 test) and in vivo tissue distribution, in- and efflux into and out of mouse brain. These experimental data indicate that : i) side-chain charges are not essential for in vitro activity, ii) the guanidine group of D-Arg2 is important for the blood-brain permeability iii) the conformational constraint of the Phe residue by the benzazepine ring results in highly potent compounds, but is not compatible with the Lys side chain, which can best be removed for high potency. A more detailed discussion of the obtained results will be presented. References: 1. Shimoyama, M.; Szeto, H.H.; Schiller, P.W.; Tagaito, Y.; Tokairin, H.; Eun, C.M., Shimoyama N. Pharmacology 2008, 83, 33-37. 2. Zhao, K.; Luo, G., Zhao, G.-M.; Schiller, P.W.; Szeto, H.H. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003, 304, 425-432

Cyclic dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues obtained via ring-closing metathesis

The dermorphin-derived cyclic tetrapeptide analogues H-Tyr-c[d-Cys-Phe-Cys]NH2 and H-Tyr-c[d-Cys-Phe-D-Cys]NH2 are opioid agonists at the µ and δ receptor. To enhance the metabolic stability of these peptides, we replaced the disulfide bridge with a bis-methylene moiety. This was achieved by solid-phase synthesis of the linear precursor peptide containing allylglycine residues in place of the Cys residues, followed by ring-closing metathesis. In the case of the peptide with L-configuration in the 4-position both the cis and the trans isomer of the resulting olefinic peptides were formed, whereas the cis isomer only was obtained with the peptide having the d-configuration in position 4. Catalytic hydrogenation yielded the saturated -CH2-CH2- bridged peptides. In comparison with the cystine-containing parent peptides, all olefinic peptides showed significantly reduced µ and δ agonist potencies in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens assays. The -CH2-CH2-bridged peptide with l-configuration in the 4-position was equipotent with its cystine-containing parent in both assays, whereas the bis-methylene analogue with d-configuration in position 4 was 10-27-fold less potent compared to its parent. The effect of the disulfide replacements with the -CH=CH- and-CH2-CH2- moieties on the conformational behavior of these peptides was examined by theoretical conformational analysis which provided plausible explanations in terms of structural parameters for the observed changes in opioid activity

Transparency and Open Government: Reporting on the Disclosure of Information

This paper provides a summary of data about requests, complaints and appeals published by central reporting bodies in eight countries. It examines available data from the most recent year of aggregated data—ranging between 2011 and 2013. It assessed these statistics for Brazil, India, Jordan, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, The United Kingdom, and the United States. Through this assessment it provides trends in how countries are collecting and publishing these data and finds that practices are far from standardized and data are often unavailable or incomplete

Dansylated analogues of the opioid peptide [Dmt1]DALDA: in vitro activity profiles and fluorescence parameters.

Dansylated analogues of the potent and selective μ opioid peptide agonist [Dmt1]DALDA (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) were prepared either by substitution of Nβ-dansyl-α,β-diaminopropionic acid or Nε-dansyllysine for Lys4, or by attachment of a dansyl group to the C-terminal carboxamide function via a linker. All three analogues displayed high μ agonist potency in vitro and the C-terminally dansylated one retained significant μ receptor selectivity. The three analogues showed interesting differences in their fluorescence emission maxima and quantum yields, indicating that the dansyl group in two of them was engaged in intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. These dansylated [Dmt1]DALDA analogues represent valuable tools for binding studies, cellular uptake and intracellular distribution studies, and tissue distribution studies

Changes in renal metabolite profile and ammoniagenesis during acute and chronic metabolic acidosis in dog and rat

Changes in renal metabolite profile and ammoniagenesis during acute and chronic metabolic acidosis in dog and rat. Acute metabolic acidosis was induced by an i.v. administration of hydrochloric acid to dogs and rats to decrease the plasma bicarbonate concentration from 22 to 12mM in dogs and from 26 to 10mM in rats. Chronic metabolic acidosis was also induced in dogs by ammonium chloride feeding for 5 days. Rats also were given ammonium chloride for 24 hours. The renal metabolite profile was determined on the freeze-clamped renal tissue before and after 100min (dogs) or 30 to 240min (rats) of acute acidosis. Measurements on chronically acidotic dogs and rats with 24-hour acidosis were obtained also for comparison with acute acidosis. In both species, kidney glutamine, glutamate, and alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations decreased drastically following induction of acute or chronic acidosis. In the dog, or in the rat during the first 2 hours of acidosis, malate concentration was unchanged. Malate concentration fell significantly in the rat kidney only after 2 hours of acidosis without change in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) concentration. In chronically acidotic dogs, malate and oxaloacetate rose fivefold with no change in PEP concentration. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity was not stimulated by chronic metabolic acidosis in the dog in contrast to the rat. Acute acidosis by hydrochloric acid increased net renal glutamine extraction in the rat but not in the dog. These data suggest that an increased metabolic flux occurs between alpha-ketoglutarate and malate in both rat and dog kidney during acute metabolic acidosis. In the rat, however, after 2 hours, PEPCK activation modifies the kidney metabolite profile. Intrarenal glutamine transport seems to be a rate-limiting factor for adaptation to acute acidosis in the dog but not in the rat kidney.Profil métabolique rénal et ammoniogénèse au cours de l'acidose métabolique aiguë et chronique chez le chien et le rat. Une acidose métabolique aiguë a été produite par l'administration intraveineuse d'acide chlorhydrique à des chiens et des rats de telle sorte que la concentration plasmatique de bicarbonates soit abaissée de 22 à 12mM (chiens) et de 26 à 102mM (rats). Une acidose métabolique chronique a aussi été produite par l'administration orale de chlorure d'ammonium pendant 5 jours (chiens) ou 24 heures (rats). Le profil métabolique rénal a été déterminé sur du tissu cortical prélevé en congélation instantanée avant et après 1002min (chiens) ou 30 à 2402min (rats) d'acidose aiguë. Les données ont été comparées aux valeurs retrouvées dans les reins de chiens et de rats en acidose chronique. Chez les deux espèces, la concentration rénale de glutamine, de glutamate, et d'alphacétoglutarate a considérablement diminué après l'induction de l'acidose aiguë ou chronique. Cependant, chez le chien, ou chez le rat pendant les premières 2 heures d'acidose, la concentration de malate ne s'est pas modifiée. La concentration de malate n'a diminué significativement chez le rat qu'après 2 heures d'acidose. Chez le chien en acidose chronique, la concentration de malate et d'oxaloacétate a quintuplé sans modification de la concentration phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). L'activité de la PEP-carboxykinase (PEPCK) n'a pas été stimulée par l'acidose métabolique chronique chez le chien. L'acidose aiguë a augmenté l'extraction nette de glutamine par le rein chez le rat mais non chez le chien. Ces résultats suggèrent que la voie métabolique ammoniogénique est stimulée par l'acidose à une étape située entre l'alphacétoglutarate et le malate chez le rat comme chez le chien. Chez le rat, cependant, l'activation de la PEPCK modifie le profil métabolique rénal à partir de la deuxième heure d'acidose. Le transport intrarénal de glutamine semble être un facteur limitant de l'adaptation à l'acidose aiguë chez le chien mais non chez le rat