Supplementary file: Whitehead O, Jagger C, Hanratty B.

What do doctors understand by spiritual health? A survey of UK general practitioners. BMJ Open 2021;11:e045110. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2020-045110. (PDF)</p

Comfort with discussing spiritual health pre and post cue, compared with comfort using the HOPE tool.

Comfort with discussing spiritual health pre and post cue, compared with comfort using the HOPE tool.</p

Characteristics of respondents.

Characteristics of respondents.</p

Patient vignettes.

Patient vignettes.</p

The HOPE tool(5).

The HOPE tool(5).</p

Life Expectancy with and without Cognitive Impairment in Seven Latin American and Caribbean Countries

<div><p>Background</p><p>The rising prevalence of cognitive impairment is an increasing challenge with the ageing of our populations but little is known about the burden in low- and middle- income Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) that are aging more rapidly than their developed counterparts. We examined life expectancies with cognitive impairment (CILE) and free of cognitive impairment (CIFLE) in seven developing LAC countries.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Data from The Survey on Health, Well-being and Ageing in LAC (N = 10,597) was utilised and cognitive status was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Sullivan Method was applied to estimate CILE and CIFLE. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of age, gender and education on cognitive outcome. Meta-regression models were fitted for all 7 countries together to investigate the relationship between CIFLE and education in men and women at age 60.</p><p>Results</p><p>The prevalence of CI increased with age in all countries except Uruguay and with a significant gender effect observed only in Mexico where men had lower odds of CI compared to women [OR = 0.464 95% CInt (0.268 – 0.806)]. Low education was associated with increased prevalence of CI in Brazil [OR = 4.848 (1.173–20.044)], Chile [OR = 3.107 (1.098–8.793), Cuba [OR = 2.295 (1.247–4.225)] and Mexico [OR = 3.838 (1.368–10.765). For males, total life expectancy (TLE) at age 60 was highest in Cuba (19.7 years) and lowest in Brazil and Uruguay (17.6 years). TLE for females at age 60 was highest for Chileans (22.8 years) and lowest for Brazilians (20.2 years). CIFLE for men was greatest in Cuba (19.0 years) and least in Brazil (16.7 years). These differences did not appear to be explained by educational level (Men: p = 0.408, women: p = 0.695).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Increasing age, female sex and low education were associated with higher CI in LAC reflecting patterns found in other countries.</p></div

TLE and CIFLE at age 60 by Country and Gender.

<p>Total Life Expectancy (TLE) and Cognitive Impairment-Free Life Expectancy (CIFLE) comparisons can be made among each of the seven countries included in the study.</p

TLE, CILE and CIFLE according to age based on MMSE results from the SABE Study (Upper and Lower 95% Confidence Intervals in Brackets).

<p>TLE, CILE and CIFLE according to age based on MMSE results from the SABE Study (Upper and Lower 95% Confidence Intervals in Brackets).</p

Prevalence^a (in percent) of morbidity and disability by age and genders in Thailand, 2009 (95% CIs in parentheses).

<p>^aWith sampling weighted</p><p>*Significantly higher than the other gender (two-proportion z-test, p<0.05)</p><p>Source: Author’s computations from the NHES IV.</p><p>Prevalence<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121310#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> (in percent) of morbidity and disability by age and genders in Thailand, 2009 (95% CIs in parentheses).</p

Life expectancy, number of years lived in different states of mobility limitation (95%CI), and proportion of years lived with mobility limitation to life expectancy at age 60 for Thai males by regions, 2009.

<p>Life expectancy, number of years lived in different states of mobility limitation (95%CI), and proportion of years lived with mobility limitation to life expectancy at age 60 for Thai males by regions, 2009.</p