Evolutionary learning using a sensitivity-accuracy approach for classification

Accuracy alone is insufficient to evaluate the performance of a classifier especially when the number of classes increases. This paper proposes an approach to deal with multi-class problems based on Accuracy (C) and Sensitivity (S). We use the differential evolution algorithm and the ELM-algorithm (Extreme Learning Machine) to obtain multi-classifiers with a high classification rate level in the global dataset with an acceptable level of accuracy for each class. This methodology is applied to solve four benchmark classification problems and obtains promising results

Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs

IntroductionThis study evaluated the immune response to a multiepitope recombinant chimeric protein (CHIVAX) containing B- and T-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike’s receptor binding domain (RBD) in a translational porcine model for pre-clinical studies.MethodsWe generated a multiepitope recombinant protein engineered to include six coding conserved epitopes from the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Pigs were divided into groups and immunized with different doses of the protein, with serum samples collected over time to determine antibody responses by indirect ELISA and antibody titration. Peptide recognition was also analyzed by Western blotting. A surrogate neutralization assay with recombinant ACE2 and RBDs was performed. Intranasal doses of the immunogen were also prepared and tested on Vietnamese minipigs.ResultsWhen the immunogen was administered subcutaneously, it induced specific IgG antibodies in pigs, and higher doses correlated with higher antibody levels. Antibodies from immunized pigs recognized individual peptides in the multiepitope vaccine and inhibited RBD-ACE2 binding for five variants of concern (VOC). Comparative antigen delivery methods showed that both, subcutaneous and combined subcutaneous/intranasal approaches, induced specific IgG and IgA antibodies, with the subcutaneous approach having superior neutralizing activity. CHIVAX elicited systemic immunity, evidenced by specific IgG antibodies in the serum, and local mucosal immunity, indicated by IgA antibodies in saliva, nasal, and bronchoalveolar lavage secretions. Importantly, these antibodies demonstrated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.DiscussionThe elicited antibodies recognized individual epitopes on the chimeric protein and demonstrated the capacity to block RBD-ACE2 binding of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and four VOCs. The findings provide proof of concept for using multiepitope recombinant antigens and a combined immunization protocol to induce a neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in the pig translational model for preclinical studies

Obtención de una fracción con actividad gonadotrópica de la hipófisis de la tilapia Oreochromis noiloticus (Osteichtyes: Cichlidae)

Gonadotrophic hormone was isolated from pituitary of tilapia through out Sephadex G-100 chromatography and posterior comprobation by electrophoretic poliacrilamide gel. One fraction had similar electrophoretic mobility to follicle-stimelating hormone, and its molecular weight was calculated as 32 000 Da. Biological activity of the molecule on that fraction was tested through a bioassay with juvenile male and female carps, which gonadal development was more advanced compared with the gonadal development of the fish that were treated with luteinizing hormone of mammals, gonadolac and control group.Se aisló la hormona gonadotrópica a partir de hipófisis de la tilapia, por medio de cromatografía en Sephadex G-100. Se comprobó esto al observarse una banda por medio de electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida. Una fracción presentó un patrón de movilidad electroforética similar al de la hormona folículo estimulante de mamíferos y su paso fue calculado en 32 000 Da. Posteriormente se comprobó que la molécula contenida en dicha fracción poseía actividad biológica por medio de un bionsayo con capras macho y hembras, que presentaron un mayor desarrollo gonadal en comparación con gónadas de peces tratados con hormona luteinizante de mamífero, gonadolac y del grupo control