Food Consumption among three units with highest incidence of diarrheal disease (n = 80).

<p>Food Consumption among three units with highest incidence of diarrheal disease (n = 80).</p

Association of risk factors with acquisition of illness among all survey takers (n = 241) and multiple regression analysis of risk factors for acquisition of diarrheal illness.

<p>Association of risk factors with acquisition of illness among all survey takers (n = 241) and multiple regression analysis of risk factors for acquisition of diarrheal illness.</p

Epidemic curve of personnel reporting to the Medical Aid Station with diarrhea, San Vicente, El Salvador, 2011.

<p>The start of each two week deployment periods is indicated by the date. *Indicates the time at which vendors were no longer allowed on base to serve food.</p

Network Analysis of Clonets in 1999 and Relatedness to Iquitos Clonets in 2006–2007.

<p>A network diagram of Iquitos in comparison to clonets calculated from neutral marker data from 1999–2000. This network diagram shows the genetic relationships between Iquitos and the previously reported clonets A, B, C, D, and E using the eleven neutral microsatellite markers described in the text. Small red circles represent hypothetical nodes that link haplotypes seen among our samples.</p

Most common alleles in clonets.

<p>Values represent most common fragment sizes in nucleotides, followed by the percentage of isolates carrying them.</p><p>*Two apparently monomorphic markers were removed for analysis of clonet D due to poor amplification (<i>dhfr</i>: 0.52 kb and <i>dhps</i>: 9.0 kb).</p>1<p>The microsatellite loci name.</p>2<p>its chromosome,</p>3<p>the first value indicates the common allele size and the second is the percentage of isolates carrying it.</p>4<p>The column represents the number of monomorphic markers out of the total 66 markers examined in this study as a percentage, along with the number of samples used to calculate this value.</p

AMOVA Results.

<p>Locus by locus AMOVAs were used to create this table. N denotes sample size. Haplotype group refers to a combination haplotype of the haplotypes seen around each of the four genes. ** Two apparently monomorphic markers were removed from analysis (<i>dhfr</i>: 0.52 kb and <i>dhps</i>: 9.0 kb) due to poor amplification in clonet D.</p

Hypothesized Spread of Clonets Across Peru.

<p>Clonet A: orange, B: green, C: purple, D: blue, E: brown. Our hypothesis of how these clonets may have spread through Peru is described in the text. In brief, we suggest that clonets A and B may have been recently introduced from the greater Amazon Basin, that clonet C may represent an older vestigial population, that clonet D may have been introduced during the 1980s from theAmazon interior of Ecuador, and that clonet E may represent a coastal lineage that has recently invaded the interior of Peru.</p

Drug Resistance Multilocus Linkage Disequilibrium.

<p>The multiallelic disequilibrium seen across multiple genes and microsatellite markers. <b>^a</b>Haplotype groups are summaries of the haplotypes found for the following four columns. ^b“?” means that there was incomplete or unknown data for this cell. The final column suggests the subvariants seen within each clonet amongst the seven neutral markers. Notice that clonet C was found with both <i>pfmdr1</i> lineages; while we would argue the α is ancestral, there is no direct proof of this. In cases were reassortment or recombination appears to have occurred, we have suggested the secondary clonet with a subscript (e.g. C_A was most likely a cross between clonet A and C.) SYN is an abbreviation for synonymous. Each clonet is identified by a unique color and the color coding is also used in the figures.</p