First order transitions by conduction calorimetry: Application to deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate ferroelastic crystal under uniaxial pressure

The specific heat c and the heat power W exchanged by a Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ferroelectric-ferroelastic crystal have been measured simultaneously for both decreasing and increasing temperature at a low constant rate (0.06 K/h) between 175 and 240 K. The measurements were carried out under controlled uniaxial stresses of 0.3 and 4.5±0.1 bar applied to face (110). At Tt=207.9 K, a first order transition is produced with anomalous specific heat behavior in the interval where the transition heat appears. This anomalous behavior is explained in terms of the temperature variation of the heat power during the transition. During cooling, the transition occurs with coexistence of phases, while during heating it seems that metastable states are reached. Excluding data affected by the transition heat, the specific heat behavior agrees with the predictions of a 2-4-6 Landau potential in the range of 4–15 K below Tt while logarithmic behavior is obtained in the range from Tt to 1 K below Tt. Data obtained under 0.3 and 4.5 bar uniaxial stresses exhibit the same behavior.Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica. Gobierno de España-PB91-60

Autophagy is activated and involved in cell death with participation of cathepsins during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in barley

Microspores are reprogrammed towards embryogenesis by stress. Many microspores die after this stress, limiting the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis. Autophagy is a degradation pathway that plays critical roles in stress response and cell death. In animals, cathepsins have an integral role in autophagy by degrading autophagic material; less is known in plants. Plant cathepsins are papain-like C1A cysteine proteases involved in many physiological processes, including programmed cell death. We have analysed the involvement of autophagy in cell death, in relation to cathepsin activation, during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Hordeum vulgare. After stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death increased and autophagy was activated, including HvATG5 and HvATG6 up-regulation and increase of ATG5, ATG8, and autophagosomes. Concomitantly, cathepsin L/F-, B-, and H-like activities were induced, cathepsin-like genes HvPap-1 and HvPap-6 were up-regulated, and HvPap-1, HvPap-6, and HvPap-19 proteins increased and localized in the cytoplasm, resembling autophagy structures. Inhibitors of autophagy and cysteine proteases reduced cell death and promoted embryogenesis. The findings reveal a role for autophagy in stress-induced cell death during microspore embryogenesis, and the participation of cathepsins. Similar patterns of activation, expression, and localization suggest a possible connection between cathepsins and autophagy. The results open up new possibilities to enhance microspore embryogenesis efficiency with autophagy and/or cysteine protease modulators.España, MINECO AGL2014-52028-R and AGL2017-82447-

Identification of an Emergent and Atypical Pseudomonas viridiflava Lineage Causing Bacteriosis in Plants of Agronomic Importance in a Spanish Region

Pseudomonas strains with an atypical LOPAT profile (where LOPAT is a series of determinative tests: L, levan production; O, oxidase production; P, pectinolitic activity; A, arginine dihydrolase production; and T, tobacco hypersensibility) can be regarded as emergent pathogens in the Principality of Asturias (Spain), where they have been causing, since 1999, severe damage in at least three taxonomically unrelated orchard plants of agronomic importance: common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). These strains are mainly differentiated by production of yellowish mucoid material in hypersucrose medium, used for the levan test, and by a variable pectinolytic activity on different potato varieties. The atypical organisms were identified as Pseudomonas viridiflava based on their 16S rRNA sequences. Among them a certain intraspecies genetic heterogeneity was detected by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. To differentiate between isolates of P. viridiflava and Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, a 16S ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism method employing the restriction endonucleases SacI and HinfI was developed. This could be used as a means of reliable species determination after the usual phenotypical characterization, which includes the LOPAT tests

Hábitos de publicación de profesores de los departamentos de didáctica de la expresión corporal y educación física de las universidades públicas españolas

El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo mediante análisis de documentos, que tiene por objetivo conocer en qué revistas publican los profesores funcionarios españoles de Educación Física y Didáctica de la Expresión Corporal en España con al menos un sexenio de investigación, y secundariamente conocer sus preferencias hacia la publicación de artículos científicos en español o en inglés. La muestra la confor- maron 41 profesores, 16 fueron del área de Didáctica de la Expresión Corporal y 25 del área de Educa- ción Física. Los resultados más relevantes son la media de artículos por profesor en las bases de datos JCR y Scopus en las área analizadas, que oscila entre 9 y 38 dependiendo del área de estudio, así como la me- dia de artículos en revistas no indexadas en JCR y Scopus que oscila entre 16 y 32 trabajos. Las revistas Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Revista de Psicología del Deporte, Revista de Educación, Journal Applied Physiology y Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research son en las que más publican los pro- fesores españoles para las bases de citas bibliográficas de ISI-Thomson (JCR) y Scimago Journal Ranking (SJR) de Scopus, mientras que la revista Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, Motricidad. European Journal of human movement y Selección, son las que mayor número de publicaciones reciben en revistas no indexadas en ISI y Scopus.This paper is a descriptive study of document analysis, which aims to publish journals know that Spanish officials teachers of Physical Education and Didactics of Corporal Expression in Spain with at least six years of research, and secondarily to know your preferences the publication of scientific articles in Spanish or English. The sample consists of 41 teachers, 16 were in the area of Didactics of corporal expression and 25 Physical Education area. The most relevant results are the mean of items per teacher in the JCR databases and Scopus in the area studied, ranging between 9 and 38 depending on the area of study as well as the average papers in journals not indexed in JCR and Scopus ranging between 16 and 32 jobs. The journals Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Revista de Psicología del Deporte, Revista de Educación, Journal Applied Physiology and Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research are published in the most Spanish teachers for bibliographic databases of ISI-Thomson (JCR) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) Scopus, while Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement and Selección are those that are more publications in journals not indexed in ISI and Scopus

Climate Change-induced Effects on Beach Degradation and Tourist Behaviour: A review of previous studies with potential in an island tourism context

This article conducts a qualitative meta-analysis of papers addressing the topic of climate change impacts on beach loss and degradation, and its relation to tourist behaviour (destination choice, willingness to re-visit, expenditure and willingness to pay). The main aim is to identify values that can be used in future research works in the context of island tourism. We found that the strong specialisation and fragmentation of data and methods limit the transferability potential of previous research analysing climate-induced effects on beaches and tourist behaviour. Researchers from different fields bring their own conceptual models which often address similar problems but use different lenses and measurement units. Among the available studies, the ones with usable potential in a value transfer context are related to willingness to pay for adaptation measures. Overall, findings confirm that a greater transparency in the methodologies used to elicit values and a multidisciplinary approach are needed to ensure a more sustainable use of the information in order to fill knowledge gaps that still hinder the study of climate change