Children’s improvement of a motor response during backward falls through the implementation of a safe fall program

The World Health Organization has warned that, in children, the second cause of death from unintentional injuries are falls. The objective of this study was to analyze the motor response of primary schoolchildren when a backwards fall occurs. These analyses occurred before and after interventions of the Safe Fall program, which aims to teach safe and protected ways of backward falling. A quasi-experimental research design was used, with a sample of 122 Spanish (Sevillian) schoolchildren in the 10–12 age bracket. The INFOSECA ad-hoc observation scale was used for data collection: this scale registers 5 essential physical reactions throughout the process of a safe and protected backwards fall. After that, a number of descriptive, correlational and contrast statistics were applied. The value used in the McNemar test to establish statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results showed that over 85% of students had developed the competence to correctly perform all five physical motions that allow for a safer backward fall. The teaching of safe and protected techniques for falling backwards in child population in Primary Education is possible through the implementation of the Safe Fall program in Physical Education classes, which can help making falls safer, diminishing the risk and severity of the injuries they cause

Visible WDM System Design for Multi-Gbit/s Transmission over SI-POF

This proceeding at: SPIE Photonics West 2015. IX Conference Broadband Access Communication Technologies (SPIE).In order to increase the data rates of Multi-Gbit/s links based on large core step index (SI) plastic optical fibers (POF), different modulation scenes have been proposed. Another option is to use multiple optical carriers for parallel transmission of communication channels over the same fiber. Some designs to reach data rates of 14.77 Gb/s in 50 m, with 4 channels have been developed by off line processing. In this work, designs to test the potential of real Multi- Gbit/s transmission systems using commercial products are reported. Special care in designing low insertion loss multiplexers and demultiplexers is carried out to allow for greener solutions in terms of power consumption.This work has been sponsored by the Spanish institutions Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under project TEC2012-37983-C03-02, Comunidad de Madrid under grant S2013/MIT-2790.Publicad

Efficient Multiplexer/Demultiplexer for Visible WDM Transmission over SI-POF Technology

A five channel step index plastic optical fiber proposal for a multiplexer/demultiplexer having insertion losses (IL) of 2.9-4 dB, pass bandwidths at -3 dB > 30 nm, crosstalk attenuation >30 dB and size of similar to ~65 mm x 55 mm, is demonstrated. It is based on a reflective diffraction grating with blazed profile and an aspheric lens. The theoretical analysis presented is used to further reduce the system size to similar to ~37 mm x 30 mm and to increase the number of channels to 8 keeping ILs < 4.5 dB. Experimental results have good agreement with theoretical expectations.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and by Madrid region under Grants TEC2012-37983-C03-02 and P2013/MIT-2790.Publicad

Visible WDM system for real-time multi-Gb/s bidirectional transmission over 50-m SI-POF

We report a 2 Gb/s bidirectional real-time data transmission with bit error rate (BER) < 1 x 10(-10) in a 50 m step-index polymer optical fiber link. The system is able to transmit 5 Gb/s using five channels. The system performance is tested using the most restrictive channels with the shortest and longest wavelengths in a real-time Ethernet link. The implementation takes an advantage of the PAM-16 modulation spectral efficiency and low loss multiplexers and demultiplexers, which provide an enhanced link power budget. The optical power per transmitted bit considering the BER implication for TCP/IP networks throughput is below 5.8 pJ/b. This is due to the low insertion losses <4 dB, in each five-channel multiplexer and demultiplexer.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy under Grants TEC2012-37983-C03-02 and TEC2015-63826-C3-2-R, and in part by Madrid Region under Grant S2013/MIT-2790

Polymer Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor With Dual-Wavelength Compensation of Power Fluctuations

The design and development of a plastic optical fiber macrobend temperature sensor is presented. The sensor can operate in a temperature range from -55 to 70 degrees C and has a linear response versus temperature with a sensitivity of 8.95.10(-4) degrees C-1. The sensor system uses the ratio of transmittance at two wavelengths to implement a self-referencing technique in order to avoid undesirable power fluctuations influence. The transmittance ratio precision is 0.1%. An analysis has been developed to find the two wavelengths which ratio offers the highest linearity and sensitivity response. Experimental results are successfully compared with theoretical approaches.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economía y Competitividad and Madrid region under Grants TEC2012–37983-C03–02, P2013/MIT-2790.Publicad

Diffraction grating-based demultiplexers for SI-POF networks

The proceeding at: 22nd International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibers (POF 2013), took place in 2013 September,11-13, in Armação dos Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, (Brasil). The event Web site at: http://www.pof2013.org.br/ .In this paper, the possibility of implementing low-loss demultiplexer devices based on diffractive elements for SI-POF networks is studied. Theoretical and experimental analyses of three different diffractive setups are reported. It is also presented a 3-channel demultiplexer proposal, based on a transmission diffraction grating, with experimental insertion loss from 3.6dB to 5.8dB and adjacent channel crosstalk from −16.4dB to −28.6dB. This proposal presents low losses and low crosstalk, and it is very easy to implement in a compact reflective setup.This work has been sponsored by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (TEC2012-37983-C03-02) and Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deportes (PRX12/00007),Publicad

Relationship among state and trait anxiety in sport competitions

En esta investigación se pretende comprobar la teoría de la interacción de Spielberger (1972) en el ámbito de la competición deportiva, analizando las relaciones entre ansiedad-estado y ansiedad-rasgo en la competición, según las dimensiones somáticas y cognitivas de la ansiedad-rasgo y ansiedadestado. Para evaluar ambos constructos se utilizó la versión alemana de los cuestionarios WAI-T y WAI-S, en una muestra de 135 deportistas de Luxemburgo. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que se pueden confirmar las hipótesis de Spielberger (1972), sobre la interacción entre ansiedad-rasgo y ansiedad-estado, ampliándose su validez en el ámbito de las competiciones deportivas. Asimismo, se comprueba la necesidad de separación multidimensional en las componentes somáticas y cognitivas de la ansiedad para el registro de la ansiedad-rasgo competitiva y la ansiedad-estado competitivaThis research aims to test the theory of the interaction of Spielberger (1972) in the field of sports competition, analyzing the relationship between state anxiety and trait anxiety in the competition, according to the somatic and cognitive dimensions of trait anxiety and state anxiety. In order to assess both constructs, the German versions of the WAI-T and WAI-S questionnaires were used in a sample of 135 athletes from Luxembourg. The obtained results confirmed Spielberger’s (1972) hypothesis of interaction between trait anxiety and state anxiety, extending its validity in the field of sports competitions. Moreover, the need for multidimensional separation of somatic and cognitive components of anxiety was verified for the assessment of competitive trait and state anxiet

Observational study on sexism in physical education in southern Spain

Esta investigación analiza el comportamiento de 240 estudiantes para determinar cómo se establecen conductas sexistas entre el alumnado de Educación Secundaria, en Sevilla (España), dentro de la sesión práctica de Educación Física. Se categorizaron códigos descriptivos de observación. Se identificaron tres categorías relacionadas con conductas sexistas: implicación en la tarea, solicitación de información adicional y aceptación de tareas. Se utilizó una escala de observación para registrar las frecuencias. El test Mann-Whitney estableció una p<0.05 para rechazar la hipótesis nula. Aparecen comportamientos sexistas en la implicación en la tarea. No aparece discriminación en la solicitación de información adicional y aceptación de tareas.This study analyzed the behavior of 240 students to determine how sexist behavior is established among Secondary Education students in Seville (Spain), during the practical session of Physical Education. Descriptive codes were set for observation. Three categories related to sexist behavior were identified: involvement in the task; requesting additional information; and task acceptance. An observation scale was used to record frequencies. The Mann-Whitney test established p<0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. Sexist behaviors emerge in involvement in task. No discrimination appears in requesting additional information and task acceptance

Augmented Reality and the Flipped Classroom— A Comparative Analysis of University Student Motivation in Semi-Presence-Based Education Due to COVID-19: A Pilot Study

Background: This study aims to analyze university student motivation during the period of semi-presence-based education due to the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the type of educational material used: Augmented Reality (AR) videos and traditional videos associated with the Flipped Classroom (FC) methodology. Methods: A sample of 129 university students were asked to take the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). Results indicate that participants in the study were generally more motivated by AR educational material than by FC material; although mean motivation levels with both instruments are extremely high, with scores of 4.57 and 5.64 for FC and AR, respectively. Conclusions: Therefore, a conclusion was met which determines that these results are a starting point to continue the research of the motivational impact of using different types of videos in active methodologies