On Muckenhoupt-Wheeden Conjecture

Let M denote the dyadic Maximal Function. We show that there is a weight w, and Haar multiplier T for which the following weak-type inequality fails: $$\sup_{t>0}t w\left\{x\in\mathbb R \mid |Tf(x)|>t\right\}\le C \int_{\mathbb R}|f|Mw(x)dx.$$ (With T replaced by M, this is a well-known fact.) This shows that a dyadic version of the so-called Muckenhoupt-Wheeden Conjecture is false. This accomplished by using current techniques in weighted inequalities to show that a particular $L^2$ consequence of the inequality above does not hold.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, corrected typo

Drought, Governance and Adaptive Capacity in North East Brazil: A Case Study of Ceará

human development, climate change

Some considerations on accounting for pawnshops in Romania

Because of the financial and economic crisis that has affected Romania since October 2008, many people do no longer qualify for the bank loans they need to finance their investments or daily expenses. The alternative could be getting the money by pledging a personal good (especially jewelries) to a pawnshop. According to Romanian laws, pawnshops are non-banking financial institutions that offer monetary loans in exchange for movable assets that are pledged by the customers. They are organized as commercial companies and are supervised by the National Bank of Romania, being recorded into the Entry Register held by this institution. Nonetheless, the pawnshops do not apply accounting rules available for credit institutions, but they prepare the financial statements according to the regulation applied by commercial companies. The paper addresses the peculiarities of the pawnshops’ activities in terms of legal, fiscal and accounting aspects. By giving a practical example, the paper emphasizes the application of the specific Romanian legislation, taking into account three different scenarios. The paper discusses the fiscal aspects (mainly the value added tax) that rise from the sell of the items or the cashing of the interest and loan.pawn contract, pawned items, loan, interest

REAL EXCHANGE RATE EURO-DOLLAR AND FOREIGN TRADE BALANCE: ANALYSIS OF SPAIN, GERMANY AND FRANCE IN COMPARISON WITH THE USA. 1960-2007

One aim of this paper is to relate the evolution of real exchange rate Euro-Dollar to the foreign trade balance, with analysis three European countries: Spain, Germany and France, for the period 1960-2007. A second question is to analyse the effects of changes of REER on the evolution of Exports and Imports. A third point is to evaluate the impact of those changes on industrial and non industrial production and economic growth. We estimate an econometric model for the case of Spain that explains the causes and consequences of the huge increase of the trade deficit during the period 2004-2009 and we insist on the convenience to develop economic policies aimed to get higher levels of industrial production per inhabitant to increase Exports and to moderate foreign trade deficit.

RATES, RATIOS AND PER CAPITA VARIABLES IN INTERNATIONAL MODELS: ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN TRADE IN OECD COUNTRIES

Some econometric models try to explain the rate of growth of real Gross Domestic Product per capita as a function or ratios like Investment/GDP or Exports/GDP, with confusing results and conclusions which are misleading when the studies do not show a positive impact of the explanatory variables. Some of these approaches are inspired in the Solow model which is indeed interesting at a theoretical level when the hypotheses of the model hold in one country for a short period of time, but some hypothesis of the model do not hold in long samples of a same country or in international comparisons. Usually economic growth of real GDP per capital increases with Investment per capita but the Investment/GDP ratio usually diminish with the increase of Investment per capita. In the vase of these two explanatory variables it is much more convenient and realistic to use real values per capita instead of ratios for the explanation of economic development. Besides we include other considerations of interest regarding international differences of Exports per capita among countries. We present data, graphs and estimations of interest in this regard for 25 OECD countries.O51, O52, O54, O57

Sharp Bekolle estimates for the Bergman projection

We prove sharp estimates for the Bergman projection in weighted Bergman spaces in terms of the Bekolle constant. Our main tools are a dyadic model dominating the operator and an adaptation of a method of Cruz-Uribe, Martell and Perez.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

Safety issues in PV systems: design choices for a secure fault detection and for preventing fire risk

Photovoltaic systems have played a key role over the last decade in the evolution of the electricity sector. In terms of safety design, it's important to consider that a PV plant constitutes a special system of generation, where the Direct Current (DC) presence results in changes to the technical rules. Moreover, if certain electrical faults occur, the plant is a possible source of fire. Choices regarding the grounding of the generator and its protection devices are fundamental for a design that evaluates fire risk. The subject of the article is the analysis of the relation between electrical phenomena in PV systems and the fire risk related to ensuring appropriate fault detection by the electrical protection system. A description of a grid-connected PV system is followed firstly by a comparison of the design solutions provided by international Standards, and secondly by an analysis of electrical phenomena which may trigger a fire. A study of two existing PV systems, where electrical faults have resulted in fires, is then presented. The study highlights the importance of checking all possible failure modes in a PV system design phase, to assess fire risk in advance. Some guidelines for the mitigation of electrical faults that may result in a fire are finally provided

Places to Develop Democracy: Relevance of Relph's Concept of Place for the History of Education

Presentación conferenciaThis paper, based on the research developed in the Erasmus+ project Reimagining Creative Democracy (2018-1-SE01-KA203-039115), provides a synthesis of Relph’s concept of place giving examples of its use in the study of past and present educational spaces. The reappraisal of Relph’s concept might help address new perspectives from which spaces and places of education may be seen differently. Spaces are relevant to the History of Education and Relph’s essay is important for us because it represents the phenomenological approach to the study of place and space from at least two perspectives: 1. The distinction between place and space; 2. The delimitation, when writing about educational spaces, of the emotional attachment to or detachment from a specific learning place (inside or outside the school buildings).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech