Historical study of the objectives in physical education.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: pages 88-90 were missing from the physical thesis

A Study of the Effects of Syllable Releasing and Arresting Function on the Correct Articulation of /s/ by Normal and Articulatory Defective Children

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to investigate the effects of syllable releasing and arresting function on correct /s/ productions by normal and articulatory defective children; and (2) to investigate the effects of different phonetic environments on correct /s/ productions in syllable releasing and arresting positions by normal and articulatory defective children. Two groups of five-year-old children, 15 with normal articulation and 15 with defective articulation, were selected as subjects in this study and met the following criteria: normal hearing, normal intelligence, no significant deviation in the structure and/or function of the oral mechanism, and no more than one language (English) spoken in the home. Defective articulation was defined as a score below minus one standard deviation on the 50-item Templin-Darley Screening Test of Articulation while normal articulation was defined as a score above minus one standard deviation on this test. The speech stimuli were 32 different phonetic context items selected from the McDonald Picture Deep Test of Articulation for the /s/; 16 in which the /s/ occurred in a syllable releasing position and 16 in which the /s/ occurred in a syllable arresting position. After the examiner demonstrated to the subject how to name pairs of pictures without pausing between them and the child had practiced naming pairs of pictures in this manner, the /s/ phoneme was depp tested with the 32 selected context items for a total of 960 responses. All responses were judged as correct or incorrect by the examiner at the time of testing. From the results of this study, the following conclusions can be made. 1. There is no significant difference between syllable releasing and arresting positions in the number of correct /s/ productions made by five-year-old children with normal articulation. 2. There are significant differences between syllable releasing and arresting positions in the number of correct /s/ productions made by five-year-old articulatory defective children. Specifically, articulatory defective children correctly produce the /s/ more often when /s/ functions to arrest the syllable than when /s/ functions to release the syllable. Also, these differences vary as a function of the particular phonetic context in which the /s/ occurs. 3. Children with normal articulation make significantly more correct /s/ productions in the syllable releasing position than do articulatory defective children. 4. Children with normal articulation make significantly more correct /s/ productions in the syllable arresting position than do articulatory defective children. 5. There is substantial individual variability in the /s/ responses of articulatory defective children. 6. Further research is indicated to provide more data on the effects of syllable releasing and arresting positions on the articulatory responses of normal and articulatory defective children

From RATs to riches: mitigating anthropogenic and synanthropic noise in atom interferometer searches for ultra-light dark matter

Atom interferometers offer promising new avenues for detecting ultra-light dark matter (ULDM). The exceptional sensitivity of atom interferometers to fluctuations in the local gravitational potential exposes them to sources of noise from human (anthropogenic) and animal (synanthropic) activity, which may obscure signals from ULDM. We characterise potential anthropogenic and synanthropic noise sources and examine their influence on a year-long measurement campaign by AION-10, an upcoming atom interferometer experiment that will be located at the University of Oxford. We propose a data cleaning framework that identifies and then masks anthropogenic and synanthropic noise. With this framework, we demonstrate that even in noisy conditions, the sensitivity to ULDM can be restored to within between 10% and 40% of an atom shot noise-limited experiment, depending on the specific composition of the anthropogenic and synanthropic noise. This work provides an important step towards creating robust noise reduction analysis strategies in the pursuit of ULDM detection with atom interferometers.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Wind-Tunnel Tests of 10-foot-diameter Autogiro Rotors

Report presents the results of a series of 10-foot-diameter autogiro rotor models tested in the NACA 20-foot wind tunnel. Four of the models differed only in the airfoil sections of the blades, the sections used being the NACA 0012, 0018, 4412, and 4418. Three additional models employing the NACA 0012 section were tested, in which a varying portion of the blade near the hub was replaced by a streamline tube with a chord of about one-fourth the blade chord

Wind-Tunnel Tests of a 10-foot-diameter Gyroplane Rotor

This report presents the results of wind-tunnel tests on a model gyroplane rotor 10 feet in diameter. The rotor blades had zero sweepback and zero offset; the hub contained a feathering mechanism that provided control of the rotor rolling moment, but not of the pitching moment. The rotor was tested with 4 blades and with 2 blades. The entire useful range of pitch settings and tip-speed ratios was investigated including the phase of operation in which the rotor turned very slowly, or idled

Cardiorespiratory requirements of the 6-min walk test in patients with left ventricular systolic disfunction and no major structural heart disease

The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is widely used to assess functional status in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare metabolic gas exchange during the 6-MWT in older patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and in breathless patients with no major structural heart disease (MSHD); (2) to determine the exercise intensity of the 6-MWT relative to peak oxygen uptake; (3) to establish the accuracy and reproducibility of the Metamax 3B ergospirometer during an incremental workload. Twenty four older patients with LVSD (19 male; age 76 ± 5 years; BMI 27 ± 4), and 18 patients with no MSHD (12 male; age 75 ± 8 years; BMI 27 ± 4) attended on consecutive days at the same time. Patients completed a 6-MWT with metabolic gas exchange measurements using the Metamax 3B portable ergospirometer, and an incremental cycle ergometry test using both the Metamax 3B and Oxycon Pro metabolic cart. Patients returned and performed a second 6-MWT and an incremental treadmill test, metabolic gas exchange was measured with the Metamax 3B. In patients with LVSD, the 6-MWT was performed at a higher fraction of maximal exercise capacity (p = 0.02). The 6-MWT was performed below the anaerobic threshold in patients with LVSD (83 %) and in patients with no MSHD (61 %). The Metamax 3B showed satisfactory to high accuracy at 10 W and 20 W in patients with LVSD (r = 0.77 - 0.97, p < 0.05), and no MSHD (r = 0.76 - 0.94, p < 0.05). Metabolic gas exchange variables measured during the 6-MWT showed satisfactory to high day-to-day reproducibility in patients with LVSD (ICC = 0.75 - 0.98), but a higher variability was evident in participants with no MSHD (ICC = 0.62 - 0.97). The Metamax 3B portable ergospirometer is an accurate and reproducible device during submaximal, fixed rate exercise in older patients with LVSD and no MSHD. In elderly patients with LVSD and no MSHD, the 6-MWT should not be considered a maximal test of exercise capacity but rather a test of submaximal exercise performance. Our study demonstrates that the 6-MWT takes place at a higher proportion of peak oxygen uptake in patients with LVSD compared to those with no MSHD, and may be one reason why fatigue is a more prominent symptom in these patients