Growth and nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium

Nutrient uptake study is important to understand the plant nutritional requirements during its growth and to identify periods of increased nutrient demand and, thus to establish fertilization program. The objective was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with ten times of plant sampling (0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180; 240; 300; and 360 days after transplanting) and five replicates. Anthurium maricense Nadruz & Mayo seeds were germinated in polyethylene trays filled with commercial substrate and the seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (1.16 L capacity) when reached four leaves. Plant height, leaf number and foliar area were determined every sampling. Blades with petioles, stem, inflorescence and roots were collected and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Foliage anthurium plants showed initial development but from the 180 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the inflorescence emission, there was a marked increase in height, leaf area, and dry mass and nutrient accumulation. Nutrient accumulation after 360 DAT followed the decreasing order: K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S > Mn > Fe > Zn > B > Cu

Rootstocks for the production of grafted cashew seedlings

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar clones de cajueiro como porta‑enxertos para quatro genótipos‑copa. Foram avaliados como porta‑enxertos os clones CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189, BRS 226, BRS 253, BRS 265, BRS 274 e BRS 275  e, como copas, os clones CCP 76, BRS 189, BRS 226 e BRS 274. Aos 60 dias após a semeadura, os porta‑enxertos foram avaliados quanto às características biométricas e quanto às taxas de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. Aos 80 dias após a enxertia, foram avaliadas as taxas de sucesso da enxertia, a aptidão para o plantio e as características biométricas das mudas. Houve correlação negativa entre massa de semente e taxas de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. BRS 226, BRS 253 e BRS 274 apresentaram taxas insatisfatórias de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. As maiores taxas de plantas aptas ao plantio, para a copa CCP 76, ocorreram nos porta‑enxertos CCP 06, CCP 76 e CCP 1001; para BRS 189, destacou-se o CCP 06; para BRS 226, destacaram-se CCP 06, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189 e BRS 265; e, para BRS 274, os porta‑enxertos CCP 06, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51 e BRS 189.The objective of this work was to evaluate cashew clones as rootstocks for four scions. The clones CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189, BRS 226, BRS 253, BRS 265, BRS 274, and BRS 275  were evaluated as rootstocks; and the clones CCP 76, BRS 189, BRS 226, and BRS 274 were evaluated as scions. At 60 days after sowing, the rootstocks were evaluated for their biometric characteristics, germination rate, and grafting ability. At 80 days after grafting, grafted seedlings were evaluated for their grafting success rates, planting ability, and biometric characteristics. Seed mass were negatively correlated with germination rate and grafting ability. BRS 226, BRS 253 and BRS 274 showed unsatisfactory germination rate and grafting ability. The highest planting ability rates for CCP 76 occurred with CCP 06, CCP 76, and CCP 1001 as rootstocks; for BRS 189, with CCP 06; for BRS 226, with CCP 06, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189, and BRS 265; and, for BRS 274, with CCP 06, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, and BRS 189

Effects of plant growth regulators in heliconia ‘Red Opal’

The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator) and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences) and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots) dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary

Estoque de carbono e estabilidade de agregados de um latossolo vermelho distrófico, sob diferentes manejos

These systems of soil use and management are very important in carbon supply and stability of aggregates, because affect directly culture yields. The aim of this project is to evaluate the carbon supply and stability of Haplustox aggregates under different managements. It was utilized a completely randomized experimental design in split plot scheme, with six replications. Thus, the treatments utilized were three different soil managements ( native forest, pasture with Tanzania grass and corn). The plots were consisted by three layers (0-10; 10-20 and 20-30 cm) and were analyzed to determined the organic matter, organic carbon supply of soil ( layers and equivalent soil mass methods) and weighed average diameter (DMP) and geometrical average diameter (DMG). The results indicated that the evaluated managements systems affected the size of soil aggregates of the ground and in its distribution in the layer of 0-30 cm of depth. The greatest accumulation of carbon were in the surface layers, although, there were not variation between the management systems.Os sistemas de uso e manejo dos solos são fatores preponderantes no estoque de carbono e na estabilidade dos agregados, que exercem grandes influências na produtividade das culturas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o estoque de carbono e a estabilidade de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, sob diferentes usos e manejos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições. Assim, foram consideras utilizadas como tratamentos principais três manejos de solo (mata nativa, pastagem com ‘capim Tanzânia’ e cultivo com milho) e, como subparcelas, três camadas (0-10; 10-20 e 20-30cm). As amostras de solo foram analisadas para determinação da matéria orgânica, estoque de carbono orgânico no solo (métodos de camada e de massa de solo equivalente) e o diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) e o diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG). Os resultados indicam que os sistemas de manejo avaliados influenciaram nos tamanhos dos agregados do solo e em sua distribuição no perfil do solo. O maior acúmulo de C se deu nas camadas superficiais, apesar de não haver variação entre os sistemas de manejo

Zinco na nutrição e na produção de massa seca do capim-Marandu

O zinco é o micronutriente mais limitante à produção de forrageiras, entretanto, tem pouca informação para capim-marandu. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de zinco no estado nutricional e na produção de massa seca do capim-Marandu. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação da UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, em vaso preenchido com 3 dm de amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Zn = 0,4 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis doses de Zn (0; 15; 30; 60; 120 e 240 mg dm-3) e quatro repetições. Realizaram-se dois cortes nas plantas com intervalo de 30 dias, determinando-se o número de folhas e de perfilhos por vaso, a altura e massa seca da parte aérea e determinou-se o teor de Zn na parte aérea. Após o segundo corte, avaliaram-se a concentração de zinco no solo e a massa seca de raiz. A aplicação de Zn ao solo incrementou a sua concentração no solo e a absorção pelo capim-marandu, atingindo a máxima produção de massa seca com teor de Zn na parte aérea de 140 e 181 mg kg-1, para primeiro e segundo corte respectivamente

Porta-enxertos para a produção de mudas de cajueiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar clones de cajueiro como porta-enxertos para quatro genótipos-copa. Foram avaliados como porta-enxertos os clones CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189, BRS 226, BRS 253, BRS 265, BRS 274 e BRS 275 e, como copas, os clones CCP 76, BRS 189, BRS 226 e BRS 274. Aos 60 dias após a semeadura, os porta-enxertos foram avaliados quanto às características biométricas e quanto às taxas de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. Aos 80 dias após a enxertia, foram avaliadas as taxas de sucesso da enxertia, a aptidão para o plantio e as características biométricas das mudas. Houve correlação negativa entre massa de semente e taxas de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. BRS 226, BRS 253 e BRS 274 apresentaram taxas insatisfatórias de germinação e de aptidão à enxertia. As maiores taxas de plantas aptas ao plantio, para a copa CCP 76, ocorreram nos porta-enxertos CCP 06, CCP 76 e CCP 1001; para BRS 189, destacou-se o CCP 06; para BRS 226, destacaram-se CCP 06, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51, BRS 189 e BRS 265; e, para BRS 274, os porta-enxertos CCP 06, CCP 76, CCP 1001, Embrapa 50, Embrapa 51 e BRS 189

Growth, nutrient accumulation and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’

Synchronizing the timing of fertilizer applications with plant nutrient demand increases the nutritional efficiency and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’. The experiment was carried out in a shade house and Heliconia psittacorum ‘Red Opal’ rhizomes were planted in soil classified as Arenic Kandinstults. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine plant sampling (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 and 450 days after planting) and five replicates. Leaves, sheathing leaf bases, flower stem, rhizomes and roots were collected every sampling and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Heliconia plants showed slow initial development but from the 210 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the flower stem harvest there is a marked increase in dry mass accumulation. Nutrient accumulation followed the decreasing order: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. Potassium and calcium were the most exported macronutrients by heliconia flower stem and among the micronutrients, manganese was the most exported

Production and nutrition of Marandu grass fertilized with zinc

The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of zinc on the nutritional status and dry matter production of Marandu grass. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with containers filled with 4dm3 of an Oxisol soil. The experimental essays included six different doses of zinc (0; 15; 30; 60; 120 and 240mg.dm–3), with four repetitions. The study evaluated the number of tillers and leaves, plant height, dry mass of the shoot and root system and the concentration of zinc in the soil and leaves. The assessment was made during two different periods (cuts), with an interval of 30 days. After the second cut, the concentrations of Zn in the soil and root dry mass were determined. The application of zinc to the soil increased its concentration and absorption by the Marandu grass, which reached 140 and 181mg.kg-1 (first and second cut, respectively) in the dry mass. The zinc doses used were not toxic to the plants

Doses of Osmocote® in the acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of Anthurium maricense

Anthurium maricense is a tropical ornamental species with great commercial potential in the areas of landscaping and potted foliage plants. One of the main obstacles in the production of micropropagated anthurium plantlets is its slow development and/or the low survival rate of the plantlets during the acclimatization stage. The use of slow-release fertilisers (SRF) can accelerate this process; however, there are no reports in the literature concerning this practice during acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of this species. As such, in the present study, the effects of different doses of SRF on the development of micropropagated plantlets of Anthurium maricense were evaluated during the acclimatization stage in a screenhouse. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomised design, with five treatments and four replications of four plantlets per plot. The treatments comprised doses of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m-3 of the SRF Osmocote® (NPK 15:9:12) added to the substrate. The variables under evaluation were the variation in plant height, in the number of leaves and in the area of the largest leaf, pot occupancy, net photosynthetic rate, internal carbon, and leaf temperature and moisture. The use of SRF promoted better development of the micropropagated plantlets of A. maricense during the acclimatization stage. Of the variables under analysis, the variation in the area of the largest leaf is the most important, since the commercial interest of the studied species is the foliage, which was at its maximum with an estimated dose of Osmocote® of 6.40 kg m-3